|
|
|
| Innovation Culture and Its Epochal Evolution from the Perspective of Marxism |
| Chen Hao |
| Publicity Department of the CPC Zhejiang University Committee, Hangzhou 310058, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Abundant historical experiences indicate that the emergence of significant scientific and technological innovations is inseparable from the support of innovation culture. However, existing research predominantly views innovation as an endogenous transformation within economic systems, with few studies from the perspective of Marxist political economy. As innovation increasingly propels social development, yet the systemic risks associated with disruptive innovations escalate, it is imperative to grasp innovative activities as the process of objectifying human’s essential power through Marx’s labor theory, and profoundly connect innovation with the comprehensive development of humanity.Labor, as the cornerstone of Marxist doctrine, fundamentally determines the practical nature of innovation. We should grasp innovation as an advanced form of labor. Practice constitutes both the source and developmental impetus of innovation, as well as the sole criterion for verifying the truth. From the perspective of the development of productive forces, innovation is a spiral ascent process of upward development that “originates from practice and returns to practice”. New concepts, technologies, or institutions emerge from the conflicts of old contradictions, yet simultaneously engender new contradictions, thereby accumulating forces for subsequent innovations. From the perspective of the development of production relations, innovative activities evolve in tandem with the restructuring of production relations, necessitating their integration with institutional elements, such as ownership forms and division of labor models. From the perspective of laborer development, the foundation of innovation lies in species-being characteristics of humans, while individuals also face the risk of losing their free and conscious nature due to innovation-induced alienation. Constructing an innovation culture for the new era must adhere to the fundamental principles of Marxist view on innovation.Human beings are shaped by ideas, and all the practical activities, including innovation, are under the influence of culture. From the Marxist perspective, innovative culture refers to the ideology formed by humanity based on innovative practices, which influences and guides innovative processes, along with its corresponding institutional frameworks. It is characterized by materialism, subjectivity, class nature, and normativity. First, as a value system guiding innovation, innovation culture aims to answer the question of “innovation for whom”. The innovation culture of the proletariat points towards Marx’s goal of the free association of people. Second, innovation culture serves as a spiritual force that stimulates creativity, aiming to address the question: “how is innovation born?” It has the power to shape an individual’s subjectivity, enabling innovators to become conscious, autonomous and self-directed beings, allowing them to remain persistently focused on their innovative endeavors. Third, as a superstructure that organizes and reconciles complex contradictions, innovation culture aims to address the question: “how is innovation organized?” Innovation results from the action of general social knowledge rather than individual knowledge. The possibility and efficiency of innovation are conditioned by various social relations. Fourth, as an ideology that regulates innovation, innovation culture aims to address the question: “how to achieve innovation with enduring value?” It enables innovative behaviors to transcend mere economic and instrumental rationality and avoid short-sighted actions.Throughout long-term development, China and the West have cultivated distinct innovation cultures. Chinese traditional culture contains many elements conducive to innovation, such as the emphasis on the idea of Great Harmony, holistic worldview, dialectical thinking, and truth-seeking spirit. The West, on the other hand, prioritizes a free and purely academic atmosphere, an open and inclusive pluralistic framework, and the well-developed market mechanism, and etc. Looking ahead, we must steadfastly adhere to the worldview and methodology of Marxism, integrating the global vision with Chinese conditions and its fine traditional culture. Drawing on Marx’s view of innovation and culture, we should embrace a spirit of inclusivity, upholding integrity while innovating, further fostering a cultural pursuit that is deeply rooted in Chinese history, people-centered, truth-seeking, and open-source. This will ensure that scientific and technological innovation is grounded in national conditions and tradition. We must further establish a human-centered pursuit based on the subjectivity of innovation culture, guiding technology towards ethical application, bringing education back to the essence of life and enhancing the respect for innovators. We must further establish a truth-seeking pursuit based on the materialist nature of innovation culture, maintaining the dual focus of aiming higher while keeping feet firmly on the ground. We must further establish an open-source pursuit based on the normative nature of innovation culture, promoting the contradictory movement of productivity and production relations towards a higher level through innovation. In doing so, we can truly unleash the innovative momentum of a socialist country and ultimately enable innovation activities to serve the lofty goals of all-round development and liberation of mankind.
|
|
Received: 23 July 2025
|
|
|
|
1 美]约瑟夫·熊彼特:《经济发展理论》,何畏、易家详、张军扩等译,北京:商务印书馆,1990年。 2 叶育登、方立明、奚从清:《试论创新文化及其主导范式》,《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2009年第3期,第87-93页。 3 美]埃德蒙·费尔普斯:《增长的逻辑——诺贝尔经济学奖得主谈中国经济如何发展》,何志毅、张占武译,北京:中信出版社,2023年。 4 惠丽丽、谢获宝:《智能制造、创新文化与企业成本粘性》,《管理评论》2024年第5期,第178-193页。 5 德]马克思:《资本论》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第5卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 6 德]马克思:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第1卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 7 德]恩格斯:《自然辩证法》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第9卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 8 德]马克思:《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第1卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年,第499-506页。 9 毛泽东:《实践论》,见《毛泽东选集》第1卷,北京:人民出版社,1991年,第282-298页。 10 德]马克思:《哲学的贫困》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第1卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 11 德]恩格斯:《德国的革命和反革命》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第2卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 12 德]恩格斯:《马克思墓前悼词草稿》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯全集》第19卷,北京:人民出版社,1963年,第372-373页。 13 德]马克思:《在〈人民报〉创刊纪念会上的演说》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第2卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年,第579-581页。 14 白美妃:《马克思的文化理论及其形成——基于唯物史观经典表述的分析》,《马克思主义哲学》2024年第6期,第131-137页。 15 德]马克思:《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第2卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年,第588-594页。 16 德]马克思、[德]恩格斯:《德意志意识形态》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第1卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 17 德]恩格斯:《恩格斯致瓦尔特·博尔吉乌斯》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第10卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年,第667-670页。 18 德]马克思:《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第1卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年,第3-18页。 19 德]马克思:《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第8卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 20 德]马克思:《政治经济学批判(1861—1863年手稿)》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第8卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 21 毛泽东:《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》,见《毛泽东选集》第3卷,北京:人民出版社,1991年,第847-879页。 22 朱晓东:《恩格斯〈反杜林论〉中平等观的思想内涵》,《郑州轻工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2022年第5期,第72-79页。 23 毛泽东:《新民主主义论》,见《毛泽东选集》第2卷,北京:人民出版社,1991年,第662-711页。 24 习近平:《坚持历史唯物主义,不断开辟当代中国马克思主义发展新境界》,见《论党的宣传思想工作》,北京:中央文献出版社,2020年,第30-40页。 25 习近平:《努力成为世界主要科学中心和创新高地》,见《习近平谈治国理政》第3卷,北京:外文出版社,2020年,第245-254页。 26 吴向东:《文化主体性与“两个结合”》,《山东社会科学》2025年第1期,第33-39页。 27 王萌苏:《马克思社会关系思想的逻辑演进》,《甘肃理论学刊》2020年第1期,第68-74页。 28 德]马克思、[德]恩格斯:《共产党宣言》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第2卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 29 德]马克思:《马克思致帕维尔·瓦西里耶维奇·安年科夫》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第10卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年,第41-53页。 30 习近平:《在科学家座谈会上的讲话》,北京:人民出版社,2020年。 31 德]马克思:《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第2卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 32 习近平:《在中国科学院第十七次院士大会、中国工程院第十二次院士大会上的讲话》,北京:人民出版社,2014年。 33 从斌、郑晓瑛:《实现人的自由全面发展是科技进步的根本目的》,《光明日报》2022年6月27日,第15版。 35 德]恩格斯:《反杜林论》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第9卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 36 德]恩格斯:《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》,见中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译:《马克思恩格斯文集》第4卷,北京:人民出版社,2009年。 37 张哲:《马克思社会加速思想及人类解放的现实推进》,《西北师大学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期,第15-22页。 38 习近平:《在全国科技大会、国家科学技术奖励大会、两院院士大会上的讲话》,北京:人民出版社,2024年。 |
|
|
|