|
|
|
| A Textual Study of Ci Gu: A Rare Cipu of Zhexi School Written in the Early Qing Dynasty |
| Wang Linfu1, Zhu Huiguo2 |
1.School of Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110136, China
2.Department of Chinese Language, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Ci Gu (《词鹄》), a voluminous Cipu (a genre of works dedicated to the study of the tonal patterns in Ci-poetry) spanning fifteen volumes, was published in 1705. Due to its rarity, Ci Gu remained largely unknown in academic circles until recently. The “hundred-year fervor” of Cipu compilation and study of tonal laws, which spanned from the late Ming to the early Qing Dynasty, marked a significant reconstruction of the tradition of Ci-poetry, with Ci Gu serving as a microcosm of this transformative period. The academic significance of Ci Gu is primarily reflected in three aspects: Firstly, it provides a historical linkage in the evolution of early Qing Cipu. Ci Gu was one of the earliest works to systematically critique The Rules of Ci-poetry (《词律》). Its authors, Sun Zhimi who is Scholar-in-Attendance, a close associate of Emperor Kangxi, and Lou Yan, one of editors of the Officially Approved Cipu (《钦定词谱》). Ci Gu laid foundational concepts later adopted in the Officially Approved Cipu, such as attaching importance to modes of ancient Chinese music and rigorous cross-checking. Ci Gu bridges the gap between The Rules of Ci-poetry and Officially Approved Cipu, also connecting with other Cipu writings like Xuansheng Ji (《选声集》), Tianci Tupu (《填词图谱》), and Hong’e xuan Cipai (《红萼轩词牌》). Works that historically connect academic traditions are usually well-known, so discovering new documents like Ci Gu with such characteristics is particularly noteworthy. Secondly, the research approaches of Ci Gu are characterized by its unique temporal features, with many of its designs being unprecedented or singular in the academic history. The method of “interchanging categories”, which means that a poem is treated as a form under two tones at the same time, and distinguishing the melody of Ci-poetry based on special performance forms are uniquely historical design concepts found only in Ci Gu. Its innovative approaches, such as marking hidden rhymes within sentences, designing special symbols for each rhyme change, and refuting The Rules of Ci-poetry’s method of “comparative study of front and back sections” and “checked tone replacing level tone”, were groundbreaking in the academic history. Practices like using a comma to mark the beginning word became rare in Cipu after Ci Gu. The preservation of Ci Gu is fortuitous, for it has offered us a significant sample of an unnoticed era. Thirdly, Ci Gu provides possibilities for exploring the Cipu scholarly concepts of the Zhexi Ci-poetry School in the early Qing. Renowned for their mastery of tonal patterns, the Cipu works of the Zhexi School are rarely heard today. Despite their keen interest in Cipu studies, various reasons led to the failure of the publication of many works of Cipu like Ci Wei (《词纬》), Qiancaitang Cipu (《潜采堂谱》) and Qunya Ji (《群雅集》), thus Zhexi School had long been neglected in the academic writings of Cipu history. As friends and disciples of Zhu Yizun, Zhou Yun, and others, Sun Zhimi and Lou Yan’s Ci Gu preserves precious clues for us to pursue the Cipu scholarship of the Zhexi School.
|
|
Received: 15 June 2023
|
|
|
|
1 陈乃乾辑： 《清名家词》第一卷，上海：上海书店，1982年。
2 沈松勤： 《明清之际词的中兴及其词史意义》，《中国社会科学》2011年第2期，第156-170页。
3 鲍恒： 《清代词体学论稿》，北京：人民文学出版社，2007年。
4 江合友： 《明清词谱史》，上海：上海古籍出版社，2008年。
5 孙致弥、楼俨： 《词鹄》，清康熙刻本。
6 王琳夫： 《〈钦定词谱〉编纂始末》，《文献》2022年第2期，第82-100页。
7 吴晨骅： 《论康熙帝的文治意图与〈钦定词谱〉的编纂》，《民族文学研究》2022年第2期，第25-43页。
8 吴蓓： 《楼俨〈洗砚斋集〉与康雍间词学走向》，《浙江学刊》2012年第6期，第123-128页。
9 孙致弥： 《杕左堂集》，见《四库全书存目丛书》第255册，济南：齐鲁书社，1997年。
10 朱彝尊、汪森编： 《词综》，上海：上海古籍出版社，2014年。
11 楼俨： 《楼俨集》，陈瑞峰、张涌泉点校，北京：中华书局，2022年。
12 朱惠国： 《浙江词学传统与现代文化建设》，《浙江社会科学》2022年第8期，第121-128页。
13 孙克强： 《浙西词派主盟词坛原因初探》，《社会科学战线》2019年第9期，第174-182页。
14 方成培编著： 《词榘》，王延鹏、鲍恒整理，上海：华东师范大学出版社，2022年。
15 郑功勋： 《永春州志》，清康熙刻本。
16 杨道和： 《福安县志》，明万历刻本。
17 孔毓圻： 《幸鲁盛典》，清康熙刻本。
18 唐圭璋编： 《全宋词》，北京：中华书局，1965年。
19 程其珏： 《嘉定县志》，清光绪刻本。
20 段安节： 《乐府杂录》，吴企明点校，北京：中华书局，2012年。
21 查继超： 《填词图谱》，清康熙鸿宝堂刻本。
22 吴绮、程洪： 《记红集》，清康熙刻本。
23 万树： 《词律》，清康熙刻本。
24 吴绮： 《重订词谱选声集》，清康熙刻本。
25 吴熊和： 《唐宋词通论》，上海：上海古籍出版社，2010年。
26 鲍恒： 《方成培〈词榘〉稿本考略》，《文学遗产》2007年第3期，第146-148页。
27 蔡国强： 《词律考正》，上海：华东师范大学出版社，2019年。
28 赵王玮、沈松勤： 《清词自注字音现象中的声律学实践及得失》，《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第5期，第72-84页。
29 王昶： 《直隶太仓州志》，清嘉庆刻本。
30 谢桃坊： 《〈词谱〉误收之元曲考辨》，《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第4期，第87-92页。
31 凤林书院辑： 《精选名儒草堂诗余》，见《续修四库全书》第1728册，上海：上海古籍出版社，2002年。
32 王奕清： 《词谱》，清康熙内府刻本。
33 严迪昌： 《清词史》，南京：江苏古籍出版社，1990年。 |
|
|
|
2024, Vol. 54 
