Global public health governance（GPHG） has become an increasingly prominent global agenda. Current international human rights regimes are directly or indirectly related to global public health governance. The human rights-based approach to global public health governance embodies a people-centered idea．It also reflects the principle of global justice. The efficiency of global public health governance depends to a certain extent on the degree of internalization of international human rights norms. As a pillar of international human rights regimes, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights（ICESCR） is of great normative significance to global public health governance. However, the role played by international human rights norms is constrained by their non-enforceability, the ambiguity of human health rights, and the discrimination of international human rights regimes on the part of developed countries.