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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2024, Vol. 54 Issue (12): 57-73    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2024.01.111
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税收征管柔性化与企业ESG表现
张翼飞1, 张双龙2, 刘奥3
1.杭州电子科技大学 会计学院,浙江 杭州 310018
2.中南财经政法大学 财政税务学院,湖北 武汉 430073
3.中国财政科学研究院,北京 100142
Flexibility of Tax Collection and Performance of Enterprise ESG
Zhang Yifei1, Zhang Shuanglong2, Liu Ao3
1.School of Accounting, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2.School of Finance and Taxation, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
3.Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences, Beijing 100142, China

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摘要 以惩罚为核心的税务检查、稽查等执法措施借助行政强制力督促企业依法纳税,却加重了企业负担,迫使企业通过放弃环境保护、社会责任、治理能力改进等利他行为来遵从法定义务,那么以激励为重要导向的柔性化举措能否弥补企业行为“重法轻德”的不足?研究结果发现:新政实施后,纳税信用越优异的企业ESG表现提升越明显。这一方面缘于纳税信用优异的企业能享受到更多融资优待和便利,使融资约束得到有效缓解,从而借助外部条件的改善为ESG表现提升提供了能力保障;另一方面缘于企业内部管理者对逃税的态度趋于厌恶,该类行为“惯性”为企业重视ESG表现注入了动力。异质性分析发现,经营所在地税务机关运用微博、微信披露A级纳税人名单的企业ESG表现提升更明显。研究结论为如何通过制度创新使企业将ESG行为融入理性经营决策,实现自身价值和社会价值统一提供了启示。
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张翼飞
张双龙
刘奥
关键词 纳税信用评级融资约束企业逃税信息披露企业ESG表现    
Abstract:ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) investment, as an important action to implement the new development concept, has increasingly become an integral part of rational business decision-making. However, when ESG behavior obligations are not subject to legal constraints, enterprises tend to prioritize productive investments with shorter-term and higher-return outcomes, such as adding mature production lines and employing cheap labor. On the contrary, enterprises tend to overlook non-productive investments such as ESG behavioral improvements with more uncertain outcomes realized over the longer run. If this tendency orientation problem remains unaddressed, it may dissociate enterprises’s moral obligations from its business decisions. Faced with the uncertainties introduced by stringent information-based tax collection and management on retained earnings, post-tax income and future investment impacts, can flexible tax policy innovations help address these issues and promote alignment between corporate self-interest and social value?Based on the panel data of listed companies from 2011 to 2019 and the generalized DID model, this paper empirically evaluates the changes of ESG performance of different tax credit companies after the implementation of the new tax credit rating policy in 2014, and analyzes the reasons for the differences and the information disclosure factors affecting the actual effect of the policy. The empirical results show that after the implementation of the new policy, the ESG performance of enterprises has been steadily improved, and the improvement is positively correlated with the tax credit rating, reflecting that enterprises with excellent tax credit have stronger enthusiasm to implement altruistic behavior. Heterogeneity analysis shows that if tax authorities use new media like Microblog and WeChat to strengthen the disclosure of A-level taxpayers, the ESG performance of enterprises will be more obvious.The marginal contribution of this paper is reflected in three aspects. Firstly, based on the comprehensive coverage of ESG performance on environmental protection, social responsibility and corporate governance indicators, this paper explores the impact of the New Deal on ESG performance, and enriches the empirical evidence of the construction of credit system on the shaping of corporate altruistic behavior under the guidance of flexible tax collection and management. Secondly, the paper improves the traditional difference-in-difference model and enterprise grouping strategy. Based on judging the A, B, C, D-level enterprises with web crawlers and manual collection, it applies the generalized difference-in-difference model to analyze the marginal effects of different tax credits on enterprise ESG performance after the implementation of the new policy, improving the accuracy of causal identification of policy shocks and providing empirical reference for refining future incentive measures. Thirdly, through the heterogeneity analysis of whether or not the tax authorities use new Internet media to disclose the list of A-level enterprises, it helps comprehensively identify the factors affecting the actual effect of the new policy, which can provide practical insights into improving tax credit information disclosure strategy.
Key wordstax credit rating    financing constraints    corporate tax evasion    information disclosure    corporate ESG performance   
收稿日期: 2024-01-11     
基金资助:国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AJY024);教育部人文社会科学基金一般项目(24YJC790239);中国财政科学研究院研究生院博士研究生资助课题(CBD202407)
作者简介: 张翼飞(https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0945-5809),男,杭州电子科技大学会计学院讲师,经济学博士,主要从事财税理论与政策、产业经济学等研究;;张双龙(https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3819-2086)(通信作者),男,中南财经政法大学财政税务学院博士研究生,主要从事财税理论与政策研究;;刘奥(https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8610-4659),女,中国财政科学研究院博士研究生,主要从事财税理论与政策研究;
引用本文:   
张翼飞, 张双龙, 刘奥. 税收征管柔性化与企业ESG表现[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2024, 54(12): 57-73. Zhang Yifei, Zhang Shuanglong, Liu Ao. Flexibility of Tax Collection and Performance of Enterprise ESG. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2024, 54(12): 57-73.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2024.01.111     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2024/V54/I12/57
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