Abstract：Bakhtin believes that people do not need to establish a transcendental subject community for universal truth, and the differences between multiple single subjects and their related relationships are the positive factors for the value construction in the subject philosophy of literature and art. This concept of subject is fully reflected in his poetics theory and becomes the key to distinguishing Bakhtin’s poetics from other poetics. Firstly, the complete “subject” includes three closely related sequences—the writer’s subject, the text’s subject and the reader’s subject. Secondly, the subject in the literary field originates from the specific person in real life, and then is the person with aesthetic enthusiasm, so it is also the person with unique presence. From the perspective of genesis, Bakhtin constructed his subjective poetics framework from the three dimensions of subject fugue, subject fugue and subject empowerment. The so-called “giving shape” refers to the aesthetic construction process centered on the protagonist based on a certain world outlook and corresponding artistic position of the creative subject, which enables the author, the author’s image, the protagonist and their interrelationship to be organically generated and presented to the reader in a specific calling structure. Among them, “first sex author”, “second sex author”, the protagonist and their relationship are not only the concrete embodiment of the main form system of literary works, but also the complete reflection of the inherent requirements of literary creation. The so-called “subject fugue” is different from the polyphonic music style in the Baroque period, but refers to the inter subject and its formative mechanism with the writer as the core in the process of literary creation. In the practice of constructing Bakhtin’s poetics of subject theory, “subject fugue” mainly depends on the dynamic realization of concrete uniqueness and interactive outsideness, as well as the dual dialogue effect achieved accordingly. The subject empowerment in the vision of Bakhtin’s subjectivity poetics refers to the cooperative realization mechanism between the author’s subjective responsibility energy, the work’s noumenon art energy and the reader’s subjective understanding energy. According to Bakhtin’s interpretation logic, subject empowerment is prioritized as three aspects of the writer’s subject’s sense of responsibility, the goal of responsibility, and the efficacy of responsibility, as well as the subjective initiative effect accepted by readers. The complex dimensions in the construction of Bakhtin’s poetics of subjectivity and its cross complementary and integrated modern appearance are closely related to the turbulence of real life, cultural concepts and literary trends at that time, as well as to Bakhtin’s own world experience, academic thinking and innovative personality. In general, his subject theory poetics not only has the significance of criticizing the shortcomings of the times, but also has the value of overflowing the expectations of the times. It has no lack of inspiration for the construction of the discourse system and discipline system of the social and historical criticism paradigm with contemporary Chinese characteristics: firstly, Bakhtin’s subject theory poetics has expanded the cognitive threshold of subject theory; secondly, Bakhtin’s subjective poetics profoundly corrected the formalism myth; thirdly, Bakhtin’s poetics of subjectivity emphasizes the author’s sense of responsibility. Accordingly, Bakhtin’s poetics of subjectivity has acquired the theoretical character of modernity open to the future.
龚举善, 陈园. 巴赫金主体论诗学的多维建构[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2023, 53(3): 56-68.
Gong Jushan, Chen Yuan. The Multidimensional Construction of Bakhtin's Subject Theory Poetics. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2023, 53(3): 56-68.
2023, Vol. 53 
