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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2021, Vol. 51 Issue (1): 22-35    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN.33-6000/C.2020.09.303
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乡村有效治理的微观实现机制研究——基于乡村危房改造项目的案例分析
钱文荣1, 郭小琳1, 王大哲2
1.浙江大学 中国农村发展研究院,浙江 杭州 310058
2.南京财经大学 经济学院,江苏 南京 320100
The Implementation Mechanism of Rural Effective Governance: A Case Study Based on the Village Level Housing Rehabilitation Program
Qian Wenrong1, Guo Xiaolin1, Wang Dazhe2
1.China Academy for Rural Development (CARD), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2.School of Economic, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 320100, China

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摘要 治理有效的实现前提是找到适合特定组织环境的治理结构安排。乡村治理有效性的发挥主要受制于相关主体间的资源互动关系、基层政府的差异化约束和村治当家人的动员积极性。其中,不同要素发挥作用的大小因不同的地方治理结构而有明显差异。为此,需要在城乡共治的治理结构下构建基层治理单元与村级治理单元在国家纵向治理体系中的“协同制衡”关系,通过改善城乡共治框架下的治理结构,协调多元主体的利益诉求,建构多元主体主动参与的激励机制,提升乡村内生发展能力。
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关键词 乡村治理治理结构治理有效案例分析演化博弈    
Abstract:The realization of governance effectiveness is based on finding the logical starting point of governance that suits the specific organizational environment. In view of the practical form, rural governance structure can be divided into the types of “top-down” and “bottom-up” governance. In specific, “top-down” governance refers to the process that grassroots leaders or village cadres promote the implementation of national policies through preaching and persuasion so as to motivate villagers’ participation into rural governance. “Bottom-up” governance mainly indicates the process that the “village governance directors” represented by the two village committees actively determine the governance objectives at different stages by combining with the village’s internal needs so as to independently guide the villagers to handle the supply of rural public goods and complete the construction of “a beautiful village”.Although existing researches on the effectiveness of rural governance have made some contributions to the regional experience summary and the framework thinking of governance elements, there is still some room for improving the study of the interactive relationship between multiple governance subjects in under urban-rural joint governance. By means of breaking through the independent governance unit of village, this paper incorporates the interaction among the grassroots governments, the village committee and the villagers into a diachronic research framework through constructing an evolutionary game model featured with urban-rural interaction characteristics, so as to look into the “black box” during interaction among different subjects.Based on analyzing the micro-mechanism of the effectiveness of rural governance, this paper answers the two questions including whether and how ordinary villages can achieve the effective rural governance. According to the research, the relatively scarce governance resources have always been an important factor affecting the effectiveness of rural governance. For this reason, ordinary villages can explore ways to enrich village governance resources by constructing governance structure suitable for village-level fields. This arrangement of effective governance structures can be achieved from grassroots government establishment of effective punishment and incentive mechanisms, the introduction of high-quality market resources, and reshaping of the relationship between village governance directors and villagers. The case study and the numerical simulation of evolutionary games found that as marketization, contractualization, and individualization are becoming more prominent in rural governance structure, the resource interaction between the involved subjects is the main factor restricting the effectiveness of rural governance. During the interaction, the differentiated constraints of grassroots governments are the key to narrow the “lagging interval” of village-level organizations’ mobilization strategies, and the village governance director’s initiative mobilization is the endogenous developing force for effective rural governance.At this stage, it is essential to establish a punishment and incentive mechanism between the grass-roots government, village-level organizations, and villagers, and establish a “coordination and balance” relationship between the three subjects in the national vertical governance system. Besides, village governance leaders should behave themselves, enrich the channels for improving village governance resources, mobilize market resources, strengthen villagers’ collective consciousness and local cultural identity, improve their capabilities, and achieve effective internal regulation of villages. Through the improvement of the governance structure under the framework of urban-rural co-governance, the coordination of different interests, the construction of an incentive mechanism for the active participation of multiple subjects, and the improvement of the endogenous development capacity of the villages, therefore, rural governance could achieve effective goals ultimately.
Key wordsrural governance    governance structure    governance effectiveness    case study    evolutionary game theory   
收稿日期: 2020-09-30     
基金资助:国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA088);浙江大学博士研究生国际合作研究与交流项目
作者简介: 钱文荣(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-9300),男,浙江大学中国农村发展研究院教授,博士生导师,管理学博士,主要从事城乡统筹发展机制创新、农村劳动力迁移与市民化研究;;郭小琳(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1070-2121)(通信作者),女,浙江大学中国农村发展研究院博士研究生,主要从事城镇化和基层治理研究;;王大哲(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-8196),男,南京财经大学经济学院讲师,管理学博士,主要从事区域发展研;
引用本文:   
钱文荣, 郭小琳, 王大哲. 乡村有效治理的微观实现机制研究——基于乡村危房改造项目的案例分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2021, 51(1): 22-35. Qian Wenrong, Guo Xiaolin, Wang Dazhe. The Implementation Mechanism of Rural Effective Governance: A Case Study Based on the Village Level Housing Rehabilitation Program. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2021, 51(1): 22-35.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN.33-6000/C.2020.09.303     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2021/V51/I1/22
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