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参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
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参考文献 11
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参考文献 12
WEID, WANGX, WANGN N, et al.A rapid ion chromatography column-switching method for online sample pretreatment and determination of L-carnitine, choline and mineral ions in milk and powdered infant formula [J]. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(10):5920-5927. DOI:10.1039/C6RA25711A
参考文献 13
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参考文献 14
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参考文献 15
YUZ Y, JINF, HUJ Y, et al.An improved method for analyzing chlormequat and mepiquat in source waters by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 678(1):90-95.DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.006
参考文献 16
ESPARZAX, MOYANOE, GALCERANM T.Analysis of chlormequat and mepiquat by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in food samples [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2009, 1216(20): 4402-4406.DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.037
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参考文献 18
MARCHESES, PERRETD, BAFILEE, et al.Pressurized liquid extraction coupled with LC-ESI-MS-MS for the determination of herbicides chlormequat and mepiquat in flours [J]. Chromatographia, 2009, 70(5/6): 761-767.DOI:10.1365/s10337-009-1266-x
参考文献 19
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目录 contents

    摘要

    建立了一种离子色谱-抑制电导同时测定植物生长调节剂中主要活性成分氯化胆碱、甲哌鎓以及杂质N-甲基哌啶的快速检测方法。 样品经稀释过膜后直接进样分析, 采用阳离子交换色谱柱thermo scientific ionpac CG17 (50 mm×4 mm) + CS17 (250 mm×4 mm),以10 mmol·L-1甲烷磺酸溶液等度淋洗,可在10 min内完成以上目标分析物的检测,且常规阳离子(Li+、 Na+、 NH4+K+、 Mg2+和Ca2+)不会干扰对3种化合物的测定。 在优化后的最佳色谱条件下,氯化胆碱的线性范围为0.1~500 mg·L-1,甲哌鎓的线性范围为0.5~500 mg·L-1,N-甲基哌啶的线性范围为0.4~200 mg·L-1,3种化合物线性相关系数(r)均大于0.999 4,线性关系良好。 3种目标分析物的检出限(信噪比S/N = 3)为28.0~112.5 μg·L-1,定量限(信噪比S/N = 10)为93.5~375.0 μg·L-1,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD, n = 6)均小于0.47%,表明方法具有较好的重现性。 该检测方法简单方便,已成功应用于商品化植物生长调节剂中3种成分质量浓度的测定,实际样品加标回收率为96.0%~103.6%。 可应用于相关植物生长调节剂原料及成品的质量控制。

    Abstract

    This paper presents a rapid and simple method for simultaneous measure of the main active components choline chloride, mepiquat chloride, and the impurity N-methylpiperidine in plant growth regulators using ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. According to this method,the samples are diluted in deionized water and then undergo a process of membrane filtration. The filtrate is directly injected into an ion chromatograph equipped with a commercially available cation-exchange column Thermo Scientific Ionpac CS17 (250 mm × 4 mm). The determination of target analytes can be finished in less than 10 min with an isocratic eluent consisting of 10 mmol·L-1 methane sulfonic acid (MSA), and no interferences exist between common cations (Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) and target analytes. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method shows good linearity in the range from 0.1 to 500 mg·L-1 for choline chloride, from 0.5 to 500 mg·L-1 for mepiquat chloride and from 0.4 to 200 mg·L-1 for N-methylpiperidine, with correlation coefficients (r) ≥ 0.999 4. Limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) are in the range from 28.0 to 112.5 μg·L-1 and Limits of quantitation (LOQs, S/N = 10) are in the range from 93.5 to 375.0 μg·L-1.It also has a good repeatability (RSDs ≤ 0.47%, n = 6). This method has been successfully applied to rapid and simultaneous analysis of the three compounds in commercial plant growth regulators. The overall average recoveries range from 96.0% to 103.6%. The proposed method can be applied to the quality control of raw materials and commercial products of plant growth regulator.

  • 0 引言

    近年来,植物生长调节剂广泛用于棉花、小麦、水果、蔬菜等农作物,在增强作物抗逆性、提高作物产量、改善产品品质、提高种植效益等方面发挥了巨大作1,2。 氯化胆碱和甲哌鎓作为常见的植物生长调节剂,可单独或作为混合剂应用于作3。 氯化胆碱和甲哌鎓均为季铵类化合物(见图1),在水和酸性溶液中具有良好的稳定性和溶解4,广泛用于改善作物品质和提高作物产量。

    图1
                            3种目标分析物结构式

    图1 3种目标分析物结构式

    Fig. 1 Structure of three target analytes

    标明农药剂型中活性成分的质量浓度对于消费者购买和使用该产品具有重要意5。 除此之外,监测农药剂型中杂质的含量同样重要。 N-甲基哌啶是合成甲哌鎓的重要中间体,与甲哌鎓具有相似的结构(见图1)。 N-甲基哌啶普遍存在于甲哌鎓原料以及商品化甲哌鎓剂型中。 鉴于此,建立一种能同时测定植物生长调节剂混合剂型中的主要活性成分氯化胆碱、甲哌鎓及杂质N-甲基哌啶的快速简便方法,具有重要的意义。

    分析水溶液中的季铵型农药相对较困6,7。 氯化胆碱是胆碱的盐酸盐形式,目前,对氯化胆碱的主要分析方法有LC–MS/MS8,9、生物传感器10以及非抑制离子色谱11,12。 对甲哌鎓的主要分析方法有HPLC13、LC-MS14,15、HILIC-MS/MS16、LC-MS/MS17,18,19、毛细管电20及拉曼光谱21。 以上用于季铵型农药化合物的定量检测方法大多涉及较昂贵或不常见的仪器,普通实验室难于实现。 目前尚未见关于同时测定氯化胆碱、甲哌鎓及杂质N-甲基哌啶的文献报道,也未见关于N-甲基哌啶的测定方法的相关报道。

    自1975年离子色谱问世以来,已在灵敏度、选择性、分析对象等方面取得了重大进展,尤其是抑制电导系统的发22。 FEGERT23于1991年建立了一种测定动植物基质中甲哌鎓的离子对方法,该方法采用柱切换技术,较为烦琐费时。 本文建立了一种阳离子色谱交换分离-抑制电导同时直接检测氯化胆碱、甲哌鎓及N-甲基哌啶质量浓度的方法,该方法无须复杂的样品前处理过程,可在10 min内完成对以上3种目标化合物的检测,且常规阳离子不会干扰测定结果。 该方法可应用于相关农药剂型的检测和质量控制。

  • 1 实验

  • 1.1 仪器与试剂

    Thermo Scientific ICS-3000离子色谱仪(Sunnyvale, CA, USA),配双重活塞系列泵,DS6电导检测器,柱温箱,Rheodyne六通阀,Chromeleon 6.80色谱工作站,Thermo Scientific IonPac CG17 (50 mm×4 mm)保护柱+ Thermo Scientific IonPac CS17 (250 mm×4 mm)分离柱,Thermo Scientific CSRS300-4 mm电化学自再生抑制器;0.22 μm尼龙滤膜过滤头。

    分析标准品(氯化胆碱,纯度99%;甲哌鎓,纯度99%;N-甲基哌啶,纯度97%)以及甲烷磺酸(methane sulfonic acid,MSA,纯度99.5%)均购自上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司,甲哌鎓单独及混合可溶性水剂:市购,其他化学试剂均为分析纯,实验室所用均为18.2 MΩ·cm去离子水。

  • 1.2 标准溶液配制及样品制备

    用去离子水分别配制氯化胆碱、甲哌鎓及N-甲基哌啶的标准储备溶液(质量浓度为2 000 mg·L-1),于4 ℃冰箱中保存,用去离子水将标准储备溶液稀释成不同浓度的混合标准工作溶液。

    样品直接用去离子水稀释,经0.22 μm尼龙滤膜过滤后,供离子色谱测定。

  • 1.3 色谱条件

    色谱柱为Thermo Scientific IonPac CG17 (50 mm×4 mm)保护柱+ Thermo Scientific IonPac CS17 (250 mm×4 mm)分离柱;柱温为30 ℃;采用10 mmol·L-1 MSA溶液等度淋洗;流速为 1.0 mL·min-1;自再生电化学抑制模式,抑制电流为35 mA;电导池温度为35 ℃;进样体积为25 μL;外标法峰面积定量。

  • 2 结果与讨论

  • 2.1 色谱条件的选择

    从图1中可以看出,氯化胆碱和甲哌鎓为季铵类化合物,N-甲基哌啶为叔胺类化合物,与甲哌鎓有相似的结构。 因此,这3种化合物在酸性条件下可解离成阳离子,采用阳离子交换色谱对其进行分离。 为研究此3种化合物的保留行为,进行了一系列固定相和流动相的选择和优化实验。 首先,选用3种不同类型的阳离子交换色谱柱(Thermo Scientific IonPac SCS, IonPac CS12A和IonPac CS17)对上述3种化合物进行分离,实验结果表明,具有中等交换容量(1.45 meq/column)的IonPac CS17色谱柱在保留时间、分离度以及检测灵敏度上均优于其余2种。 因此,本实验选用对水合质子具有高选择性的IonPac CS17色谱柱分离氯化胆碱、甲哌鎓及N-甲基哌啶。 由于MSA具有较低的背景电24,因此选用MSA溶液作为淋洗液。 对MSA淋洗液的条件进行了优化(见图2),当采用15 mmol·L-1 MSA溶液淋洗时,3种化合物在6.0 min内全部出峰,但甲哌鎓和N-甲基哌啶重叠在一起(见图2中的4号峰),不能完全分开;当采用12 mmol·L-1 MSA溶液淋洗时,3种化合物在8.0 min内全部出峰,但Ca2+与N-甲基哌啶无法实现完全分离,实样Ca2+在测定N-甲基哌啶时存在干扰;当采用10 mmol·L-1 MSA溶液淋洗时,3种化合物在10.0 min内完全分离,峰形对称;为验证在该淋洗液浓度条件下常规阳离子是否对目标分析物存在干扰,特配制了同时含Li+, Na+, NH4+K+, Mg2+和Ca2+的混合标准溶液,并于上述淋洗液浓度条件下进行测定,从图3中可以看出,6种常规阳离子对以上3种化合物的测定均不存在干扰。因此,本实验采用10 mmol·L-1 MSA作为最佳淋洗液条件。

    图2
                            不同浓度淋洗液条件下的分离效果色谱图

    图2 不同浓度淋洗液条件下的分离效果色谱图

    Fig. 2 Chromatograms of standard mixture solution obtained by eluent of different concentrations

    注:1-氯化胆碱, 2-Mg2+, 3-Ca2+, 4-N-甲基哌啶+甲哌鎓, 5-氯化胆碱, 6-Mg2+, 7-Ca2+, 8-N-甲基哌啶, 9-甲哌鎓。

    NOTE: Peaks: 1-choline chloride, 2-Mg2+, 3-Ca2+, 4-overlapped peaks of N-methylpiperidine and mepiquat chloride, 5-choline chloride, 6-Mg2+, 7-Ca2+, 8-N-methylpiperidine, 9-mepiquat chloride.

    图3
                            最佳色谱条件下混合标准溶液色谱图

    图3 最佳色谱条件下混合标准溶液色谱图

    Fig.3 Chromatogram of standard mixture solution under the optimized conditions

    注:1-Li+, 2-Na+, 3-NH4+, 4-K+, 5-氯化胆碱, 6-Mg2+, 7-Ca2+, 8-N-甲基哌啶, 9-甲哌鎓。

    NOTE: peaks: 1-Li+, 2-Na+, 3-NH4+, 4-K+, 5-choline chloride, 6-Mg2+, 7-Ca2+, 8-N-methylpiperidine, 9-mepiquat chloride.

  • 2.2 线性关系、重现性及方法的检出限

    用上述优化后的色谱条件,分别对氯化胆碱、甲哌鎓及N-甲基哌啶的混合标准工作溶液进行测定,以相应的色谱峰面积(y)对其质量浓度(x,mg·L-1)进行线性回归。氯化胆碱质量浓度在0.1~500 mg·L-1内线性关系良好,甲哌鎓质量浓度在0.5~500 mg·L-1内线性关系良好,N-甲基哌啶质量浓度在0.4~200 mg·L-1内线性关系良好,线性相关系数r均大于0.999 4。 将质量浓度为20 mg·L-1的混合标准工作溶液,按优化后的色谱条件进样,连续进样6次,其保留时间相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.04%~0.05%,色谱峰高RSD为0.25%~0.47%,色谱峰面积RSD为0.30%~0.43%,表明该方法具有较好的重现性。 信噪比(S/N)为3时,3种化合物的检出限(LOD)为28.0~112.5 μg·L-1;信噪比(S/N)为10时,3种化合物定量限(LOQ)为93.5~375.0 μg·L-1(见表1)。

    表1 方法的线性关系、检出限及精密度

    Table 1 Linear relationship, limit of detection and precision of the method

    分析物

    analyte

    线性范围linear range/

    (mg·L-1)

    回归方程

    regression

    equation

    相关系数

    correlation coefficient (r)

    检出限

    LOD/(μg·L-1)

    定量限

    LOQ/

    (μg·L-1)

    RSD (%) (n=6)

    保留时间

    retention time

    峰面积

    peak area

    峰高

    peak height

    氯化胆碱0.1~500y=0.045 1x- 0.003 81.000 028.093.50.040.300.34
    甲哌鎓0.5~500y=0.039 7x- 0.000 091.000 074.2248.00.040.370.25
    N-甲基哌啶0.4~200y=0.023x- 0.0130.999 4112.5375.00.050.430.47

    注:y为峰面积 (μS·min),x为浓度 (mg·L-1)。

  • 2.3 样品测定及加标回收试验

    根据上述样品前处理方法和优化后的色谱条件,分别对3个市购的植物生长调节剂样品进行测定,图4为氯化胆碱和甲哌鎓混合剂型样品色谱图,图5为其中1个只含甲哌鎓的水剂样品色谱图。 从图4和图5中可以看出,商品化的甲哌鎓植物生长调节剂中均含有杂质N-甲基哌啶。 通过外标法定量测定的3个市购样品,其主要成分(氯化胆碱和甲哌鎓)的质量浓度与商品标注的质量浓度不存在显著差异(p>0.05),杂质N-甲基哌啶的质量浓度在365.9~518.6 mg·L-1(见表2)。 为考察方法的准确性,选取了其中1个混合剂型样品,添加3种不同水平的氯化胆碱、甲哌鎓及N-甲基哌啶标准样品进行回收率测定,加标回收率在96.0%~103.6%,RSD在1.1%~2.5%,详见表3

    图4
                            氯化胆碱和甲哌鎓混合剂型样品色谱图

    图4 氯化胆碱和甲哌鎓混合剂型样品色谱图

    Fig. 4 Chromatogram of a mixed choline chloride and mepiquat chloride formulation

    注:1-氯化胆碱, 2-N-甲基哌啶, 3-甲哌鎓。

    NOTE: Peaks: 1-choline chloride, 2-N-methylpiperidine, 3-mepiquat chloride.

    图5
                            甲哌鎓水剂样品色谱图

    图5 甲哌鎓水剂样品色谱图

    Fig. 5 Chromatogram of an individual mepiquat chloride formulation

    注:1-N-甲基哌啶, 2-甲哌鎓。

    NOTE: Peaks: 1-N-methylpiperidine, 2-mepiquat chloride.

    表2 实际样品分析结果

    Table 2 Analytical results of real samples

    样品编号

    sample No.

    氯化胆碱 / (g·L-1)

    choline chloride

    甲哌鎓 / (g·L-1)

    mepiquat chloride

    N-甲基哌啶 /

    (mg·L-1)

    N-methylpiperidine

    标注值

    reference content

    测定*

    content found

    标注值

    reference content

    测定*

    content found

    测定*

    content

    found

    1400.0402.4200.0202.2453.5
    2--ND250.0251.3518.6
    3--ND5.05.1365.9

    注:ND表示未检出;* 为3次测定的平均值。

    表3 实际样品加标回收率结果

    Table 3 Recovery results of real sample

    目标分析物

    target analytes

    测定*

    original/

    (mg·L-1)

    加标量

    spiked/

    (mg·L-1)

    总测定值

    found/

    (mg·L-1

    回收率

    recovery/ %

    RSD (n=3)/ %
    氯化胆碱100.550.0152.3103.62.0
    100.0201.9101.41.1
    200.0301.5100.51.4
    甲哌鎓50.625.076.3102.81.4
    50.0100.8100.41.7
    100.0152.1101.50.8
    N-甲基哌啶0.450.250.6996.02.3
    0.500.9498.02.5
    1.001.47102.01.9

    注:* 实样经稀释不同倍数后的测定值。

  • 3 结论

    建立了一种简单快速的离子色谱-抑制电导同时测定2种植物生长调节剂活性成分以及杂质的方法。 样品用去离子水稀释后直接进样分析,采用Thermo Scientific CS17阳离子交换色谱柱以及10 mmol·L-1 MSA溶液等度淋洗,可在10 min内完成3种目标分析物的测定。 通过线性、选择性、灵敏度、重现性以及准确性等一系列方法学验证,结果表明,该方法操作简单、高效快速、线性范围宽、线性关系良好,具有较好的重现性和准确度,适用于一系列相关植物生长调节剂原料或商品化剂型主成分及杂质的测定,为植物生长调节剂原料或成品的质量控制提供了一种新型、简便、高效的分析方法。

  • 参考文献(References)

    • 1

      EI-OTMANI M, COGGINS C W, AGUSTÍ M, et al.Plant growth regulators in citriculture: World current uses [J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2000, 19(5): 395-447. DOI: 10.2307/3212003

    • 2

      GENCSOYLU I.Effect of plant growth regulators on agronomic characteristics, lint quality, pests, and predators in cotton [J]. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2009, 28(2): 147-153.DOI:10.1007/s00344-009-9083-x

    • 3

      MILLS A R.Effects of an additional growth-regulator treatment with ethephon plus mepiquat chloride on 4 winter rye cultivars previously treated with chlormequat plus choline chloride [J]. Annals of Applied Biology, 1993, 122: 96-97.

    • 4

      PICÓ Y, FONT G, MOLTÓ J C, et al.Solid-phase extraction of quaternary ammonium herbicides [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2000, 885(1/2): 251-271.doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01145-0

    • 5

      KARASALI H, IOANNOU S.HPLC determination of mepiquat chloride in commercial pesticide formulations [J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009, 83(5):636-639. DOI:10.1007/s00128-009-9788-3

    • 6

      VIDAL J L M, VEGA A B, LÓPEZ F J S, et al.Application of internal quality control to the analysis of quaternary ammonium compounds in surface and groundwater from Andalusia (Spain) by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2004, 1050(2): 179-184.DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.023

    • 7

      GAO J Y, WANG J, ZUO M, et al.A highly sensitive method for simultaneous determination of the quaternary ammonium pesticides chlormequat and mepiquat in pears and potatoes by modified QuEChERS-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(8): 5895-5903.

    • 8

      ELLINGSON D J, SHIPPAR J J, GILMORE J M.Determination of free and total choline and carnitine in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS): Single-laboratory validation, First action 2015.10 [J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2016, 99(1):204-209. DOI:10.5740/jaoacint.15102

    • 9

      FU S S, TAO B H, LAI S Y, et al. Determination of total choline by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in infant formulas [J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2012, 95(1): 157-162.

    • 10

      ÖZDEMIR M, ARSLAN F. ARSLAN H.Amperometric biosensor for choline determination prepared from choline oxidase immobilized in polypyrrole-polyvinylsulfonate film [J]. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Immobilization Biotechnology, 2012, 40(4): 280-284.DOI:10.5740/jaoacint.10-1160

    • 11

      SUO D C, LI L, ZHANG S, et al.Simultaneous determination of choline, carnitine and betaine in premixes by non-suppressed ion chromatography [J]. Analytical Methods, 2013, 5(1):59-63. DOI: 10.1039/C2AY25955A

    • 12

      WEI D, WANG X, WANG N N, et al.A rapid ion chromatography column-switching method for online sample pretreatment and determination of L-carnitine, choline and mineral ions in milk and powdered infant formula [J]. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(10):5920-5927. DOI:10.1039/C6RA25711A

    • 13

      KARASALI H, IOANNOU S.HPLC determination of mepiquat chloride in commercial pesticide formulations [J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009, 83(5):636-639. DOI:10.1007/s00128-009-9788-3

    • 14

      LIU X G, DONG F S, LI S, et al.Determination of mepiquat chloride residues in cotton and soil by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2008, 91(5):1110-1115.

    • 15

      YU Z Y, JIN F, HU J Y, et al.An improved method for analyzing chlormequat and mepiquat in source waters by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 678(1):90-95.DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.006

    • 16

      ESPARZA X, MOYANO E, GALCERAN M T.Analysis of chlormequat and mepiquat by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in food samples [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2009, 1216(20): 4402-4406.DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.037

    • 17

      HUANG Z Q, ZHANG Y, WANG L B, et al.Simultaneous determination of 103 pesticide residues in tea samples by LC-MS/MS [J]. Journal of Separation Science, 2009, 32(9): 1294-1301.doi:10.1002/jssc.200800605

    • 18

      MARCHESE S, PERRET D, BAFILE E, et al.Pressurized liquid extraction coupled with LC-ESI-MS-MS for the determination of herbicides chlormequat and mepiquat in flours [J]. Chromatographia, 2009, 70(5/6): 761-767.DOI:10.1365/s10337-009-1266-x

    • 19

      LI W X, CHEN M, CHEN W T, et al.Determination of mepiquat chloride in cotton crops and soil and its dissipation rates [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2012, 85(3): 137-143.DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.015

    • 20

      NÚÑEZ O, MOYANO E, GALCERAN M T.Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of quaternary ammonium herbicides [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002, 974(1/2): 243-255. DOI:10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00906-8

    • 21

      QUINTÁS G, GARRIGUES S, PASTOR A, et al.FT-Raman determination of mepiquat chloride in agrochemical products [J]. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 2004, 36(1): 41-46. DOI:10.1016/j.vibspec.2004.02.007

    • 22

      BUCHBERGER W W, HADDAD P R.Advances in detection techniques for ion chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1997, 789(1):67-83.DOI:10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00694-8

    • 23

      FEGERT A, SCHEPERS U, SCHWARZ B.Determination of mepiquat chloride in animal and plant matrices by ion chromatography with conductivity detection [J]. Fresenius’Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 1991, 339(6):441-443.DOI:10.1007/BF00322368

    • 24

      ZHANG J J, ZHU Y.Determination of betaine, choline and trimethylamine in feed additive by ion-exchange liquid chromatography/non-suppressed conductivity detection [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2007, 1170(2): 114-117.DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.014

朱作艺

机 构:浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所,浙江 杭州 310021

Affiliation:Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China

作者简介:朱作艺(1987―),ORCID:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-0804,女,博士,主要从事农产品质量安全检测研究.

张玉

机 构:浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所,浙江 杭州 310021

Affiliation:Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China

王君虹

机 构:浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所,浙江 杭州 310021

Affiliation:Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China

李雪

机 构:浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所,浙江 杭州 310021

Affiliation:Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China

王伟

机 构:

1. 浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所,浙江 杭州 310021

2. 农产品质量安全国家重点实验室省部共建培育基地,浙江 杭州 310021

3. 农业部创意农业重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310021

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Quality and Standard for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China

2. State Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Agricultural Products Co-Founded by Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310021, China

3. Key Laboratory of Creative Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310021, China

角 色:通讯作者

Role:Corresponding author

邮 箱:wangwei5228345@163.com.

作者简介:ORCID:http:// orcid.org/0000-0003-4583-6605 ,E-mail: wangwei5228345@163.com.

孙彬

机 构:武义中正食品检测有限公司,浙江 金华 321200

Affiliation:Wuyi Zhongzheng Food Testing Co. LTD., Jinhua 321200, Zhejiang Province,China

1008-9497-2019-46-3-333/alternativeImage/fae312bc-f320-4e6d-a225-bf89a18b23b8-F001.jpg
1008-9497-2019-46-3-333/alternativeImage/fae312bc-f320-4e6d-a225-bf89a18b23b8-F002.jpg
1008-9497-2019-46-3-333/alternativeImage/fae312bc-f320-4e6d-a225-bf89a18b23b8-F003.jpg

分析物

analyte

线性范围linear range/

(mg·L-1)

回归方程

regression

equation

相关系数

correlation coefficient (r)

检出限

LOD/(μg·L-1)

定量限

LOQ/

(μg·L-1)

RSD (%) (n=6)

保留时间

retention time

峰面积

peak area

峰高

peak height

氯化胆碱0.1~500y=0.045 1x- 0.003 81.000 028.093.50.040.300.34
甲哌鎓0.5~500y=0.039 7x- 0.000 091.000 074.2248.00.040.370.25
N-甲基哌啶0.4~200y=0.023x- 0.0130.999 4112.5375.00.050.430.47
1008-9497-2019-46-3-333/alternativeImage/fae312bc-f320-4e6d-a225-bf89a18b23b8-F004.jpg
1008-9497-2019-46-3-333/alternativeImage/fae312bc-f320-4e6d-a225-bf89a18b23b8-F005.jpg

样品编号

sample No.

氯化胆碱 / (g·L-1)

choline chloride

甲哌鎓 / (g·L-1)

mepiquat chloride

N-甲基哌啶 /

(mg·L-1)

N-methylpiperidine

标注值

reference content

测定*

content found

标注值

reference content

测定*

content found

测定*

content

found

1400.0402.4200.0202.2453.5
2--ND250.0251.3518.6
3--ND5.05.1365.9

目标分析物

target analytes

测定*

original/

(mg·L-1)

加标量

spiked/

(mg·L-1)

总测定值

found/

(mg·L-1

回收率

recovery/ %

RSD (n=3)/ %
氯化胆碱100.550.0152.3103.62.0
100.0201.9101.41.1
200.0301.5100.51.4
甲哌鎓50.625.076.3102.81.4
50.0100.8100.41.7
100.0152.1101.50.8
N-甲基哌啶0.450.250.6996.02.3
0.500.9498.02.5
1.001.47102.01.9

图1 3种目标分析物结构式

Fig. 1 Structure of three target analytes

图2 不同浓度淋洗液条件下的分离效果色谱图

Fig. 2 Chromatograms of standard mixture solution obtained by eluent of different concentrations

图3 最佳色谱条件下混合标准溶液色谱图

Fig.3 Chromatogram of standard mixture solution under the optimized conditions

表1 方法的线性关系、检出限及精密度

Table 1 Linear relationship, limit of detection and precision of the method

图4 氯化胆碱和甲哌鎓混合剂型样品色谱图

Fig. 4 Chromatogram of a mixed choline chloride and mepiquat chloride formulation

图5 甲哌鎓水剂样品色谱图

Fig. 5 Chromatogram of an individual mepiquat chloride formulation

表2 实际样品分析结果

Table 2 Analytical results of real samples

表3 实际样品加标回收率结果

Table 3 Recovery results of real sample

image /

无注解

1-氯化胆碱, 2-Mg2+, 3-Ca2+, 4-N-甲基哌啶+甲哌鎓, 5-氯化胆碱, 6-Mg2+, 7-Ca2+, 8-N-甲基哌啶, 9-甲哌鎓。

Peaks: 1-choline chloride, 2-Mg2+, 3-Ca2+, 4-overlapped peaks of N-methylpiperidine and mepiquat chloride, 5-choline chloride, 6-Mg2+, 7-Ca2+, 8-N-methylpiperidine, 9-mepiquat chloride.

1-Li+, 2-Na+, 3-NH4+, 4-K+, 5-氯化胆碱, 6-Mg2+, 7-Ca2+, 8-N-甲基哌啶, 9-甲哌鎓。

peaks: 1-Li+, 2-Na+, 3-NH4+, 4-K+, 5-choline chloride, 6-Mg2+, 7-Ca2+, 8-N-methylpiperidine, 9-mepiquat chloride.

y为峰面积 (μS·min),x为浓度 (mg·L-1)。

1-氯化胆碱, 2-N-甲基哌啶, 3-甲哌鎓。

Peaks: 1-choline chloride, 2-N-methylpiperidine, 3-mepiquat chloride.

1-N-甲基哌啶, 2-甲哌鎓。

Peaks: 1-N-methylpiperidine, 2-mepiquat chloride.

ND表示未检出;* 为3次测定的平均值。

* 实样经稀释不同倍数后的测定值。

  • 参考文献(References)

    • 1

      EI-OTMANI M, COGGINS C W, AGUSTÍ M, et al.Plant growth regulators in citriculture: World current uses [J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2000, 19(5): 395-447. DOI: 10.2307/3212003

    • 2

      GENCSOYLU I.Effect of plant growth regulators on agronomic characteristics, lint quality, pests, and predators in cotton [J]. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2009, 28(2): 147-153.DOI:10.1007/s00344-009-9083-x

    • 3

      MILLS A R.Effects of an additional growth-regulator treatment with ethephon plus mepiquat chloride on 4 winter rye cultivars previously treated with chlormequat plus choline chloride [J]. Annals of Applied Biology, 1993, 122: 96-97.

    • 4

      PICÓ Y, FONT G, MOLTÓ J C, et al.Solid-phase extraction of quaternary ammonium herbicides [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2000, 885(1/2): 251-271.doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01145-0

    • 5

      KARASALI H, IOANNOU S.HPLC determination of mepiquat chloride in commercial pesticide formulations [J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009, 83(5):636-639. DOI:10.1007/s00128-009-9788-3

    • 6

      VIDAL J L M, VEGA A B, LÓPEZ F J S, et al.Application of internal quality control to the analysis of quaternary ammonium compounds in surface and groundwater from Andalusia (Spain) by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2004, 1050(2): 179-184.DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.023

    • 7

      GAO J Y, WANG J, ZUO M, et al.A highly sensitive method for simultaneous determination of the quaternary ammonium pesticides chlormequat and mepiquat in pears and potatoes by modified QuEChERS-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(8): 5895-5903.

    • 8

      ELLINGSON D J, SHIPPAR J J, GILMORE J M.Determination of free and total choline and carnitine in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS): Single-laboratory validation, First action 2015.10 [J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2016, 99(1):204-209. DOI:10.5740/jaoacint.15102

    • 9

      FU S S, TAO B H, LAI S Y, et al. Determination of total choline by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in infant formulas [J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2012, 95(1): 157-162.

    • 10

      ÖZDEMIR M, ARSLAN F. ARSLAN H.Amperometric biosensor for choline determination prepared from choline oxidase immobilized in polypyrrole-polyvinylsulfonate film [J]. Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes and Immobilization Biotechnology, 2012, 40(4): 280-284.DOI:10.5740/jaoacint.10-1160

    • 11

      SUO D C, LI L, ZHANG S, et al.Simultaneous determination of choline, carnitine and betaine in premixes by non-suppressed ion chromatography [J]. Analytical Methods, 2013, 5(1):59-63. DOI: 10.1039/C2AY25955A

    • 12

      WEI D, WANG X, WANG N N, et al.A rapid ion chromatography column-switching method for online sample pretreatment and determination of L-carnitine, choline and mineral ions in milk and powdered infant formula [J]. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(10):5920-5927. DOI:10.1039/C6RA25711A

    • 13

      KARASALI H, IOANNOU S.HPLC determination of mepiquat chloride in commercial pesticide formulations [J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009, 83(5):636-639. DOI:10.1007/s00128-009-9788-3

    • 14

      LIU X G, DONG F S, LI S, et al.Determination of mepiquat chloride residues in cotton and soil by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2008, 91(5):1110-1115.

    • 15

      YU Z Y, JIN F, HU J Y, et al.An improved method for analyzing chlormequat and mepiquat in source waters by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 678(1):90-95.DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.006

    • 16

      ESPARZA X, MOYANO E, GALCERAN M T.Analysis of chlormequat and mepiquat by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in food samples [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2009, 1216(20): 4402-4406.DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.037

    • 17

      HUANG Z Q, ZHANG Y, WANG L B, et al.Simultaneous determination of 103 pesticide residues in tea samples by LC-MS/MS [J]. Journal of Separation Science, 2009, 32(9): 1294-1301.doi:10.1002/jssc.200800605

    • 18

      MARCHESE S, PERRET D, BAFILE E, et al.Pressurized liquid extraction coupled with LC-ESI-MS-MS for the determination of herbicides chlormequat and mepiquat in flours [J]. Chromatographia, 2009, 70(5/6): 761-767.DOI:10.1365/s10337-009-1266-x

    • 19

      LI W X, CHEN M, CHEN W T, et al.Determination of mepiquat chloride in cotton crops and soil and its dissipation rates [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2012, 85(3): 137-143.DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.015

    • 20

      NÚÑEZ O, MOYANO E, GALCERAN M T.Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of quaternary ammonium herbicides [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002, 974(1/2): 243-255. DOI:10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00906-8

    • 21

      QUINTÁS G, GARRIGUES S, PASTOR A, et al.FT-Raman determination of mepiquat chloride in agrochemical products [J]. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 2004, 36(1): 41-46. DOI:10.1016/j.vibspec.2004.02.007

    • 22

      BUCHBERGER W W, HADDAD P R.Advances in detection techniques for ion chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1997, 789(1):67-83.DOI:10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00694-8

    • 23

      FEGERT A, SCHEPERS U, SCHWARZ B.Determination of mepiquat chloride in animal and plant matrices by ion chromatography with conductivity detection [J]. Fresenius’Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 1991, 339(6):441-443.DOI:10.1007/BF00322368

    • 24

      ZHANG J J, ZHU Y.Determination of betaine, choline and trimethylamine in feed additive by ion-exchange liquid chromatography/non-suppressed conductivity detection [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2007, 1170(2): 114-117.DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.014