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| Research progress on neonatal Fc receptor and its application |
HU Mangsha1( ),WEI Shuli1,ZHOU Wuyuan2,*(),WANG Pingli1,*() |
1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China;
2. Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology Information, Hangzhou 310006, China |
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Abstract Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a specific receptor for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin, which binds to them in a pH-dependent manner and prevents them from lysosomal degradation to keep a long plasma half-life. In addition, FcRn plays an important role in transmembrane transport of IgG and albumin and in antigen presentation. In autoimmune diseases, anti-FcRn antibody can promote the degradation of pathogenic IgG by competitive binding to FcRn. In infectious diseases, the half-life of drugs can be prolonged by increasing the affinity between therapeutic antibody and FcRn, while the combination of viral antigen and Fc fragment of IgG can cause local immune response of mucosa for disease prevention and treatment. In cancer, albumin as a carrier of anticancer drugs can achieve efficient drug delivery, and FcRn itself may be used as a predictor of the prognosis of cancer patients. This review details the functions of FcRn, highlights its role in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and cancer, as well as the mechanism of drug development based on FcRn, to provide a reference for the clinical application and drug development of FcRn.
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Received: 03 February 2021
Published: 01 November 2021
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Corresponding Authors:
ZHOU Wuyuan,WANG Pingli
E-mail: 22018330@zju.edu.cn;pingliwang@zju.edu.cn
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新生儿Fc受体基础研究和临床应用进展
新生儿Fc受体（FcRn）是免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和白蛋白的特异性受体，通过酸碱度依赖的方式与两者结合，使IgG和白蛋白免于被溶酶体降解而拥有较长的血浆半衰期。FcRn具有实现IgG和白蛋白的跨膜转运及促进抗原提呈的作用。在自身免疫病中，抗FcRn抗体可以通过竞争性结合FcRn，促进致病性IgG的降解；在传染性疾病中，通过增加治疗抗体与FcRn的亲和力，可以延长药物半衰期，而将病毒抗原与IgG的Fc片段结合可以引起黏膜的局部免疫反应，用于疾病防治；在癌症中，FcRn的配体白蛋白作为抗癌药物的载体，可以实现高效给药，而FcRn本身或许可以作为肿瘤患者预后的预测指标。本文综述了FcRn的功能、相关药物研发机制及其在自身免疫病、传染性疾病和癌症中的作用，以期为FcRn的药物研发和临床应用提供参考。
关键词：
新生儿Fc受体,
免疫球蛋白G,
白蛋白,
自身免疫病,
传染病,
癌症,
综述
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