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浙江大学学报（医学版）
浙江大学学报（医学版）  2020, Vol. 49 Issue (3): 324-339    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.16
2019冠状病毒病     
三种人类高致病性冠状病毒的增殖和传播机制研究进展
何叶艳1(),郑婵颖2,3,4,*()
1. 浙江农林大学动物科技学院 动物医学院, 浙江 杭州 311300
2. 浙江大学医学院系统神经与认知科学研究所, 浙江 杭州 310029
3. 浙江大学生物医学工程与仪器科学学院 浙江大学生物医学工程教育部重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310027
4. 浙江省心脑血管检测技术与药效评价重点实验室, 浙江 杭州 310027
Replication and transmission mechanisms of highly pathogenic human coronavirus
HE Yeyan1(),ZHENG Chanying2,3,4,*()
1. College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
3. College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
4. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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摘要：

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是目前已知的三种人类高致病性冠状病毒，由非结构蛋白、结构蛋白、附属蛋白和核糖核酸组成。病毒粒子通过冠状病毒的刺突糖蛋白（S蛋白）识别宿主受体，以膜融合方式进入宿主细胞，通过大型复制转录复合体在宿主细胞内复制，并通过干扰和抑制宿主的免疫应答来促进增殖。人类高致病性冠状病毒的宿主是人和脊椎动物，病毒粒子通过飞沫、接触、气溶胶等途径感染肺部细胞，也可能通过消化道、尿液、眼部等其他途径传播。本文基于现有研究结果讨论人类高致病性冠状病毒的增殖和传播机制，以期为阻断其传播和致病提供依据。
关键词： 冠状病毒;  严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒;  中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒;  严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2;  病毒复制;  传播    
Abstract:

The three known highly pathogenic human coronaviruses are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human highly pathogenic coronaviruses are composed of non-structural proteins, structural proteins, accessory proteins and ribonucleic acid. Viral particles recognize host receptors via spike glycoprotein (S protein), enter host cells by membrane fusion, replicate in host cells through large replication-transcription complexes, and promote proliferation by interfering with and suppressing the host's immune response. Highly pathogenic human coronaviruses are hosted by humans and vertebrates. Viral particles are transmitted through droplets, contact and aerosols or likely through digestive tract, urine, eyes and other routes. This review discusses the mechanisms of replication and transmission of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses providing basis for future studies on interrupting the transmission and pathogenicity of these pathogenic viruses.
Key words: Coronavirus    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus    Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2    Virus replication    Transmission
收稿日期: 2020-03-23 出版日期: 2020-04-16
CLC:  R373.1  
通讯作者: 郑婵颖     E-mail: yeyanhe1997@163.com;zhengchanying@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 何叶艳(1997-), 女, 大学生, 主要从事动物科学研究; E-mail:yeyanhe1997@163.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9558-9572
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何叶艳,郑婵颖. 三种人类高致病性冠状病毒的增殖和传播机制研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报（医学版）, 2020, 49(3): 324-339.

HE Yeyan,ZHENG Chanying. Replication and transmission mechanisms of highly pathogenic human coronavirus. J Zhejiang Univ (Med Sci), 2020, 49(3): 324-339.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/med/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.16    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/med/CN/Y2020/V49/I3/324

图 1  SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV的结构(在Biorender网站绘制)
图 2  人类高致病性冠状病毒的自我复制模式图
图 3  S蛋白介导下的膜融合
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