中药爵床的鉴定

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2018.06.13

浙江大学学报（医学版）

2018, Vol. 47

Issue (3): 294-299 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2018.06.13

中药现代化

中药爵床的鉴定

汪红(

),方洁,黄真*(

)

浙江中医药大学药学院, 浙江杭州 310053

Identification of Rostellularia procumbens (L.) Nees

WANG Hong(

),FANG Jie,HUANG Zhen*(

)

College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China

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摘要：

目的: 对民间常用中药爵床进行鉴定。方法: 观察爵床的原植物形态和药材性状，并在光学显微镜下观察爵床茎、叶和全草粉末的微观形态。结果: 爵床为一年生草本，具典型的穗状花序，花序下无总苞状苞片，花冠显著二唇形，雄蕊2枚，蒴果种子4粒；药材茎六棱圆柱形，茎节膨大处淡紫色，叶椭圆状长圆形，全缘，味淡。显微镜下可见花粉粒，呈长椭圆形，表面颗粒状雕纹，具有2个萌发孔沟；叶表皮气孔直轴式，非腺毛多数由3~5个细胞组成，腺鳞多见，头部膨大扁圆形，由4个细胞构成；茎、叶中均具有大量长椭圆形或长棒状碳酸钙结晶（钟乳体），具乳头状凸起。结论: 通过原植物形态、药材性状和显微特征可以对爵床与爵床科其他类似中药进行鉴别。

关键词： 爵床; 生药学; 原植物; 中药鉴定

Abstract:

Objective: To identify the commonly used Chinese traditional herb Rostellularia procumbens (L.) Nees. Methods: The appearance, morphological features and microscopic characteristics were adopted to identify Rostellularia procumbens (L.) Nees. Results: Rostellularia procumbens (L.) Nees is an annual herb with typical spike, but without involucre bracts under inflorescence. The corolla appears 2 labiate lips and 2 stamens. The capsularfruit consists of 4 seeds. The stems of the herbs are six-ribbed and cylindrical with the lavender node.The oblong leaves with full margin are wrinkled and bent.The herbs are tasteless. The pollen grains is long-oval shaped with 2-colposate, and the pollen exine presents with concentrated echinate sculpture. Stomata is diacytic type with non-glandular hairs, and mostly consists of 3-5 cells. Glandular scales are more common and composed of 4 cells with intumescent and oblate head. There are numerous long-elliptical or clavate calcium carbonate crystals (cystolith) in the stems and leaves, with papillary protruding. Conclusion: The appearance, morphological features and microscopic characteristics can be used for the quality identification of Rostellularia procumbens (L.) Nees.

Key words: Rostellularia procumbens Pharmacognosy Original plants Traditional Chinese medicine identification

收稿日期: 2018-02-12 出版日期: 2018-09-18

CLC:

R282.5

基金资助: 浙江省中药资源普查项目(17-21208)

通讯作者: 黄真 E-mail: carthamus@126.com;huangzhen@zcmu.edu.cn

作者简介: 汪红(1975-), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事中药及其制剂综合评价及资源研究; E-mail:carthamus@126.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-7288

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引用本文:

汪红,方洁,黄真. 中药爵床的鉴定[J]. 浙江大学学报（医学版）, 2018, 47(3): 294-299.

WANG Hong,FANG Jie,HUANG Zhen. Identification of Rostellularia procumbens (L.) Nees. J Zhejiang Univ (Med Sci), 2018, 47(3): 294-299.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/med/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2018.06.13 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/med/CN/Y2018/V47/I3/294

图 1 爵床原植物各部分形态图

图 2 爵床茎横切面显微图像

图 3 爵床叶横切面显微图像

图 4 爵床叶下表皮细胞显微图像

图 5 爵床粉末显微图像

表 1 爵床与爵床科其他常见药材的原植物形态和性状特征比较[5-10]

表 2 爵床与爵床科其他常见药材的显微特征比较[5-10]

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