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浙江大学学报（医学版）
浙江大学学报（医学版）  2017, Vol. 46 Issue (2): 218-224    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2017.04.16
综述     
病原菌对NOD样受体及Toll样受体信号通路介导的固有免疫逃逸机制研究进展
何玉洁1,2(),潘建平1,*()
1. 浙江大学城市学院医学院, 浙江 杭州 310015
2. 浙江大学医学院病原生物学系, 浙江 杭州 310058
Progress on mechanisms for pathogensto evade NOD-like receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways
HE Yujie1,2(),PAN Jianping1,*()
1. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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摘要：

作为机体抵抗病原微生物的第一道防线，固有免疫细胞通过模式识别受体（PRR）识别病原体相关模式分子（PAMP）继而启动下游信号通路，以发挥固有免疫效应，清除入侵的病原体和异物。固有免疫细胞主要的信号通路有NOD样受体（NLR）及Toll样受体（TLR）信号通路，病原菌经过长期的选择进化产生了针对NLR及TLR信号通路的对抗机制，以利于其在宿主体内的生存增殖。病原菌主要通过产生毒力因子或降低刺激炎症小体活化的PAMP的表达，干扰、抑制或避免固有免疫细胞内炎症小体的活化，实现对NLR介导的信号通路的免疫逃逸。而对TLR信号通路的免疫逃逸主要通过产生毒力因子，抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶级联反应、抑制NF-κB活化以及通过产生含有TIR结构域的蛋白，直接与TLR或者TLR信号通路中的接头蛋白结合，干扰下游信号转导三种机制。
关键词： 细菌;  免疫，天然;  Toll样受体/免疫学;  膜糖蛋白类/免疫学;  信号转导;  受体，模式识别;  受体，细胞表面;  综述    
Abstract:

The innate immune system provides a first line of defense against invading pathogens, in which the pattern recognition receptors (PRR) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and initiate the downstream signaling pathways to eliminate the encountered pathogens. There are two main classes of such signaling pathways: NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The microbial pathogens under selective pressure have evolved numerous mechanisms to avoid and/or manipulate the NLR and TLR signal transduction for survival and replication. To evade the NLR signaling pathway, pathogens interfere and/or inhibit inflammasome activation in innate immune cells by producing virulence factors or reducing PAMPs expression. The mechanisms for pathogens to evade TLR signaling pathway include: inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) cascade reaction, inhibition of NF-КB activation, and interference of down-stream signal transduction by producing Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-containing proteins which bind directly with TLRs or adaptor proteins in the signaling pathway.
Key words: Bacteria    Immunity, natural    Toll-like receptors/immunology    Membrane glycoproteins/immunology    Signal transduction    Receptors, pattern recognition    Receptors, cell surface    Review
收稿日期: 2016-12-02 出版日期: 2017-08-07
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金（31671613）；杭州市科技发展计划（20150633B44）
通讯作者: 潘建平     E-mail: 21418015@zju.edu.cn;jppan@zucc.edu.cn
作者简介: 何玉洁(1992—)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事感染免疫学研究；E-mail：21418015@zju.edu.cn；http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5740-8726
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引用本文:

何玉洁,潘建平. 病原菌对NOD样受体及Toll样受体信号通路介导的固有免疫逃逸机制研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报（医学版）, 2017, 46(2): 218-224.

HE Yujie,PAN Jianping. Progress on mechanisms for pathogensto evade NOD-like receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. J Zhejiang Univ (Med Sci), 2017, 46(2): 218-224.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/xueshu/med/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2017.04.16    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/xueshu/med/CN/Y2017/V46/I2/218

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