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浙江大学学报(医学版)  2022, Vol. 51 Issue (1): 38-46    DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0312
专题报道     
神经认知障碍患者多成分运动干预的研究进展
金群1,2,黄丽华1,*()
1.浙江大学医学院附属第一医院护理部,浙江 杭州 310003
2.衢州市第三医院精神二科,浙江 衢州 324000
Research progress on multicomponent physical exercise for patients with neurocognitive impairment
JIN Qun1,2,HUANG Lihua1,*()
1. Nursing Department, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China;
2. Psychiatric Department, the Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang Province, China
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摘要:

神经认知障碍是一组以认知功能受损和运动能力下降为主要特征的临床综合征,非药物干预方式如体育锻炼在治疗中具有优势。多成分运动是多种体育锻炼方式的组合,包括力量训练、耐力训练、平衡训练和柔韧性训练,可以通过增加神经认知障碍患者的肌肉质量、力量和耐力改善其步态、平衡能力和心肺功能,同时也可以减少老年人跌倒的风险。本文对神经认知障碍患者多成分运动的益处、干预前后的评估方法、四种干预方案及临床应用等文献进行综述,以期为临床实践提供依据,促进多成分运动在神经认知障碍患者中的应用。

关键词: 神经认知障碍非药物干预多成分运动运动疗法综述    
Abstract:

Neurocognitive impairment is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by impaired cognitive function and decreased motor ability. Non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise have advantages in the treatment of patients with neurocognitive impairment. Multicomponent exercise is a combination of various physical exercises, including strength training, endurance training, balance training and flexibility training, that can improve gait, balance and cardiopulmonary function by increasing muscle mass, strength and endurance in people with neurocognitive impairment, while also reducing the risk of falls in elders. This article reviews the benefits of multicomponent exercise for patients with neurocognitive impairment and its evaluation methods; also describes 4 intervention programs and their clinical application, to provide evidence for clinical practice and promote the application of multicomponent exercise in patients with neurocognitive impairment.

Key words: Neurocognitive impairment    Non-pharmacological intervention    Multicomponent physical exercise    Exercise therapy    Review
收稿日期: 2021-10-16 出版日期: 2022-05-17
CLC:  R74  
通讯作者: 黄丽华     E-mail: lihuahuang818@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

金群,黄丽华. 神经认知障碍患者多成分运动干预的研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报(医学版), 2022, 51(1): 38-46.

JIN Qun,HUANG Lihua. Research progress on multicomponent physical exercise for patients with neurocognitive impairment. J Zhejiang Univ (Med Sci), 2022, 51(1): 38-46.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/med/CN/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0312        https://www.zjujournals.com/med/CN/Y2022/V51/I1/38

人群

体能

认知能力

心理健康状况

肌肉力量

心肺耐力

柔韧性

平衡能力

轻度神经认知障碍患者

握力计、背力计、力传感器和等速肌力测试

6分钟步行试验

椅子坐位体前屈

简易体能状况量表,六米步行速度测试,“起立–行走”计时测试,GAITRite和IDEEA系统步态分析,Tinetti平衡与步态量表

简明精神状态量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表、阿尔茨海默病评估量表–认知分量表13、连续减7/3/1测验、言语流畅性测验

欧洲五维健康量表、健康调查量表12 、9项患者健康问卷、7项广泛性焦虑障碍量表

重度神经认知障碍患者

握力计

6分钟步行试验

椅子坐位体前屈

简易体能状况量表、六米步行速度测试、IDEEA系统步态分析

简明精神状态量表、连续减3/1测验、言语流畅性测验

9项患者健康问卷、7项广泛性焦虑障碍量表

表 1  神经认知障碍患者采用多成分运动干预的常用评估方法
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