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工程设计学报  2024, Vol. 31 Issue (1): 10-19    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2024.03.315
产品创新设计     
基于FSRce模型的机电产品绿色概念设计方案生成方法
张雷1,2(),方俊伟1,2(),苏金1,2,蔡闯1,2,赵云起3
1.合肥工业大学 机械工程学院,安徽 合肥 230009
2.合肥工业大学 机电产品低碳循环利用技术与装备安徽省重点;实验室,安徽 合肥 230009
3.同济大学 铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海 201804
Method for generating green conceptual design scheme of electromechanical products based on FSRce model
Lei ZHANG1,2(),Junwei FANG1,2(),Jin SU1,2,Chuang CAI1,2,Yunqi ZHAO3
1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
2.Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Recycling Technology and Equipment for Mechanical and Electrical Products, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
3.Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
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摘要:

针对部分机电产品在概念设计阶段未综合考虑客户和环境的需求,进而影响产品详细设计的问题,提出了一种基于功能—结构—客户和环境需求(function?structure?requirements of customer and environment, FSRce)模型的机电产品绿色概念设计方案生成方法。首先,从案例库中选择合适的功能和结构对现有产品设计树中的节点进行扩展和关联;同时通过数据挖掘、专家打分等方法获得产品的客户和环境需求重要度,以构建基于FSRce模型的产品概念设计空间。然后,先利用加权区间粗糙数法对客户和环境需求重要度进行分析,得到需求相对重要度,再运用模糊质量功能展开(fuzzy quality function deployment, FQFD)将需求相对重要度转化为产品的工程特性权重。最后,利用物元理论构建基于工程特性的产品物元域和各结构物元集,并结合工程特性权重得到各结构的满意度分值,通过比较满意度优选得到满足客户和环境需求的产品概念设计方案。以某小型工业吹风机为例,基于上述方法对其概念设计方案进行优化。相比于原始方案,优化后的吹风机在能源消耗上降低了15.38%,在碳排放上降低了15.32%,且客户满意度提高了44.66%,由此验证了所提出方法的可行性与有效性。所提出的方法为机电产品概念设计方案的生成提供了一种新思路,能更好地辅助设计人员实现对机电产品的绿色设计。

关键词: 功能—结构—客户和环境需求模型概念设计加权区间粗糙数法模糊质量功能展开物元理论    
Abstract:

Aiming at the problem that some electromechanical products fail to comprehensively consider the requirements of customer and environment in the conceptual design stage, which affects the detailed design of products, a method for generating green conceptual design scheme of electromechanical products based on the function?structure?requirements of customer and environment (FSRce) model is proposed. Firstly, the nodes in the existing product design tree were extended and associated by selecting appropriate functions and structures from the case library; at the same time, the importance of customer and environment requirements of the product was obtained by means of data mining, expert scoring and other methods to construct the conceptual design space of product based on the FSRce model. Then, the weighted interval roughness method was used to analyze the importance of customer and environment requirements to obtain the relative importance of requirements, and then the fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD) was used to transform the relative importance of requirements into the engineering characteristic weights of the product. Finally, the matter-element theory was used to construct the matter-element domain of product and the matter-element set of each structure based on engineering characteristics and the satisfaction scores of each structure were obtained by combining the weights of engineering characteristics, and the optimized product conceptual design scheme that met the requirements of customer and environment was selected by comparing the satisfaction. Taking a small industrial blower as an example, the conceptual design scheme was optimized based on the above method. Compared with the original scheme, the optimized blower reduced the energy consumption by 15.38%, reduced the carbon emission by 15.32%, and improved the satisfaction by 44.66%, which verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method provides a new way to generate the conceptual design scheme of electromechanical products, which can better assist designers to realize the green design of electromechanical products.

Key words: function?structure?requirements of customer and environment model    conceptual design    weighted interval roughness method    fuzzy quality function deployment    matter-element theory
收稿日期: 2023-10-20 出版日期: 2024-03-04
CLC:  TH 122  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875156)
通讯作者: 张雷     E-mail: leonchao@163.com;2021170222@mail.hfut.edu.cn
作者简介: 方俊伟(1999—),男,安徽六安人,硕士生,从事绿色设计与概念设计研究,E-mail: 2021170222@mail.hfut.edu.cn, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1484-068X
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引用本文:

张雷,方俊伟,苏金,蔡闯,赵云起. 基于FSRce模型的机电产品绿色概念设计方案生成方法[J]. 工程设计学报, 2024, 31(1): 10-19.

Lei ZHANG,Junwei FANG,Jin SU,Chuang CAI,Yunqi ZHAO. Method for generating green conceptual design scheme of electromechanical products based on FSRce model[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2024, 31(1): 10-19.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2024.03.315        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2024/V31/I1/10

图1  基于FSRce模型的机电产品绿色概念设计方案生成流程
图2  基于FSRce模型的机电产品概念设计空间
语言变量三角模糊数代表符号
不相关(0,0,0.3)0?
弱相关(0.1,0.3,0.5)1?
相关(0.3,0.5,0.7)5?
强相关(0.5,0.7,0.9)9?
表1  三角模糊数与相关性语言变量的关系
图3  吹风机的原始概念设计方案
需求类型具体需求需求代号需求重要度
客户厂家环境
客户需求干燥快速R19[8, 9]8[8, 9]5[4, 6]
运行安静R25[4, 6]6[5, 6]6[6, 7]
运行安全R38[7, 8]9[8, 9]5[8, 9]
握持舒服R48[7, 8]7[7, 8]5[4, 6]
耐久性高R57[7, 8]7[6, 7]8[7, 8]
易运输和保存R61[1, 2]8[7, 9]7[6, 8]
易加工和组装R72[1, 3]8[7, 9]5[4, 6]
环境需求易分解R81[1, 2]3[2, 4]8[8, 9]
可安全焚烧R91[1, 2]3[2, 4]8[8, 9]
安全排放R103[2, 4]6[5, 7]9[8, 9]
表2  吹风机的客户和环境需求及对应重要度
图4  基于FSRce模型的吹风机概念设计空间
需求重要度下界近似区间
客户厂家环境
R18[6.7, 8.0]8[6.7, 8.0]4[4.0, 6.7]
R24[4.0, 5.0]5[4.5, 5.5]6[5.0, 6.0]
R37[7.0, 7.7]8[7.7, 8.0]8[7.7, 8.0]
R47[6.0, 7.0]7[6.0, 7.0]4[4.0, 6.0]
R57[6.7, 7.0]6[6.0, 6.7]7[6.7, 7.0]
R61[1.0, 4.7]7[4.7, 7.0]6[3.5, 6.5]
R71[1.0, 4.0]7[4.0, 7.0]4[2.5, 5.5]
R81[1.0, 3.7]2[1.5, 5.0]8[3.7, 8.0]
R91[1.0, 3.7]2[1.5, 5.0]8[3.7, 8.0]
R102[2.0, 5.0]5[3.5, 6.5]8[5.0, 8.0]
表3  吹风机客户和环境需求重要度的下界近似区间
需求重要度上界近似区间
客户厂家环境
R19[8.0, 9.0]9[8.0, 9.0]6[6.0, 8.0]
R26[6.0, 6.3]6[6.0, 6.3]7[6.3, 7.0]
R38[8.0, 8.7]9[8.7, 9.0]9[8.7, 9.0]
R48[7.3, 8.0]8[7.3, 8.0]6[6.0, 7.3]
R58[7.7, 8.0]7[7.0, 7.7]8[7.7, 8.0]
R62[2.0, 6.3]9[6.3, 9.0]8[5.0, 8.5]
R73[3.0, 6.0]9[6.0, 9.0]6[4.5, 7.5]
R82[2.0, 5.0]4[3.0, 6.5]9[5.0, 9.0]
R92[2.0, 5.0]4[3.0, 6.5]9[5.0, 9.0]
R104[4.0, 6.7]7[5.5, 8.0]9[6.7, 9.0]
表4  吹风机客户和环境需求重要度的上界近似区间
需求相对重要度
下界区间上界区间
R1[6.2, 7.5][7.6, 8.8]
R2[4.3, 5.3][6.1, 6.4]
R3[7.3, 7.8][8.4, 8.8]
R4[5.6, 6.8][7.0, 7.9]
R5[2.2, 5.2][4.2, 7.2]
R6[2.6, 5.8][3.9, 7.5]
R7[6.5, 6.9][7.5, 7.9]
R8[1.7, 4.9][2.9, 6.2]
R9[1.7, 4.9][2.9, 6.2]
R10[3.0, 6.0][5.0, 7.6]
表5  吹风机客户和环境需求相对重要度的边界区间
需求相对重要度相对重要度归一化值
R17.70.131
R25.90.101
R38.10.138
R46.90.118
R57.20.123
R64.80.082
R74.70.080
R83.90.066
R93.90.066
R105.60.095
表6  吹风机客户和环境需求的相对重要度
需求工程特性
气流量气流温度质量硬度寿命噪声能源消耗量碳排放量
R19?9?0?0?0?0?9?1?
R25?0?0?0?0?9?0?0?
R35?9?0?0?5?0?0?0?
R40?0?9?0?0?0?0?0?
R50?0?0?9?9?0?0?0?
R60?0?0?0?5?0?1?0?
R70?0?0?1?0?0?0?0?
R80?0?0?1?0?0?0?5?
R90?0?0?0?0?0?0?9?
R100?0?0?0?0?0?9?9?
表7  吹风机的客户和环境需求与工程特性的相关性
功能结构工程特性
转速/(r/s)温度/℃质量/g硬度(HR)寿命/h噪声/dB能源消耗量/(kW·h)碳排放量/kg
转动电机(150, 450)/(120, 200)/(500, 900)(60, 75)(0.5, 1.0)(0.3, 0.7)
吹风风扇//(60, 85)/(60, 75)
加热加热器/(50, 70)(20, 45)//(0.8, 1.2)(0.5, 0.8)
传导开关/线束//(200, 300)//
握持外壳//(300, 600)(80, 150)/
表8  基于工程特性的吹风机物元域
功能结构工程特性
转速/(r/s)气流温度/℃质量/g硬度(HR)寿命/h噪声/dB能源消耗量/(kW·h)碳排放量/kg
转动

无刷电机

有刷电机

交流电机

400

340

280

/

140

150

180

/

900

750

700

65

72

70

540|0.65

600|0.80

700|1.00

350|0.43

390|0.53

460|0.67

吹风

滚动叶片风扇

离心风扇

轴流风扇

//

60

82

75

/

65

73

70

加热

PTC发热体

金属丝加热器

陶瓷加热器

/

57

70

63

26

40

32

//

560|0.8

700|1.0

840|1.2

370|0.53

460|0.66

550|0.79

传导

PVC线束

硅胶线束

铝箔线束

//

200

240

270

//

0.20|

0.23|

0.28|

握持

ABS塑料外壳

PC塑料外壳

金属外壳

//

350

410

600

100

110

130

/

1.23|

1.45|

4.80|

0.16|

0.46|

1.26|

表9  基于工程特性的吹风机各结构的物元集
功能结构工程特性层次分值满意度分值
转速气流温度质量硬度寿命噪声能源消耗量碳排放量
转动

无刷电机

有刷电机

交流电机

9

7

5

0

0

0

7

7

3

0

0

0

7

3

3

7

3

3

7

5

1

7

5

1

8.606

5.850

3.076

吹风

滚动叶片风扇

离心风扇

轴流风扇

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

3

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

1

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

1.701

0.497

0.729

加热

PTC发热体

金属丝加热器

陶瓷加热器

0

0

0

3

9

7

7

3

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

5

1

9

5

1

5.569

4.631

2.655

传导

PVC线束

硅胶线束

铝箔线束

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

7

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1.143

0.889

0.381

握持

ABS塑料外壳

PC塑料外壳

金属外壳

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

3

1

3

5

7

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1.641

1.211

1.289

表10  基于工程特性的吹风机各结构的满意度分值
图5  吹风机的优化概念设计方案
图6  吹风机的原始和优化概念设计方案对比
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