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| Toxicological and histopathological effects of Dennettia tripetala seed used as grain protectant, food, and medicine |
| Luke Chinaru Nwosu,*,*** Chris Olukayode Adedire,* Emmanuel Oludele Ogunwolu** and Michael Olufemi Ashamo* |
| *Food Technology Programme, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State and **Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria ***Present address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria |
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Abstract The study revealed the safety of Dennettia tripetala seed on man and the environment. Adult male rats weighing 0.158–0.168 kg housed in standard cages with free access to food and water were used for the experiments. The median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated using revised up and down procedure. The LD50 for D. tripetala seed extract was 5785 mg/kg and this evoked paralysis in rats for 4 days coupled with discharge from the eyes and eventual death. The least weight gain by the animals administered 75% seed powder of D. tripetala (4338.75 mg/kg) was an index of high powder concentration, whereas the weight loss experienced by group V animals is strongly attributed to chemical assault by permethrin designated as a standard insecticide. The high values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and urea in the groups administered 75% permethrin powder (4338.75 mg/kg) and 75% D. tripetala seed powder is an index of liver and kidney injury and dysfunction. The presence of normal serum levels of ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine; normal liver and kidney structures; and normal weight gains in the animal groups fed basal diet (control) and basal diet plus 25% D. tripetala is a strong indication that 25% D. tripetala seed powder (1446.25 mg/kg) supplementation is not toxic to the liver and kidney and therefore supports normal organ functions. The LD50 recorded strongly indicates that D. tripetala has a moderately high safety margin. Supplementation of less than 50% (2892.5 mg/kg) is recommended in the safe use of the plant material as grain protectant, food, and medicine. The botanical insecticide, D. tripetala, is safer than the conventional synthetic insecticide, permethrin, on account of the latter showing evidence of kidney damage.
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Received: 13 May 2017
Published: 01 September 2017
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Corresponding Authors:
Luke Chinaru Nwosu, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
E-mail: luke2007ambition@yahoo.com
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Dennettia tripetala 种子作为储粮防护剂、食品和药物的毒理学和病理学效应
本研究揭示了Dennettia tripetala种子对人类和环境的安全性。实验中使用体重为0.158-0.168 Kg的成年雄性大鼠，其饲养在标准笼中，可自由进食食物和水分。半数致死量（LD50）是使用修正过的上下增减剂量法进行估计。D. tripetala种子提取物的LD50为5785mg / kg，并且可引起大鼠麻痹4天，同时伴有眼睛分泌物并最终死亡。施用75％ D. tripetala种子粉末（4338.75mg / kg）的动物的体重增加最小，而V组动物体重减轻很大程度上归因于氯菊酯，其被指定为标准杀虫剂。给予75％氯菊酯粉（4338.75mg / kg）和75％ D. tripetala种子粉末组中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT），天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和尿素的高值是肝肾损伤和功能障碍的指标。基础饮食组（对照）和基础饮食加25％ D. tripetala粉末的动物组，血清中ALT，AST，碱性磷酸酶和肌酐水平正常，肝肾结构正常，体重增加正常。表明25％的D. tripetala种子粉（1446.25mg / kg）补充对肝脏和肾脏无毒性，支持正常器官功能。 半数致死量记录强烈表明D. tripetala具有适度高的安全裕度。在安全使用植物材料作为储粮防护剂、食品和药物时，建议补充少于50％（2892.5 mg / kg）使用量。D. tripetala种子粉作为植物杀虫剂比传统的合成杀虫剂如氯菊酯更安全，后者显示出肾脏损伤的迹象。
关键词：
安全,
植物杀虫剂,
氯菊酯,
补充剂,
肾脏损伤
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