干旱绿洲区富士苹果树干边材茎流动态及其对环境因子的响应

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.10.281

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (4): 428-440 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.10.281

园艺学

干旱绿洲区富士苹果树干边材茎流动态及其对环境因子的响应

马文涛^1,²(

),程平^2,³,李宏²(

),张志刚²,武胜利¹,赵明玉^1,²

^1.新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院，乌鲁木齐 830054
^2.新疆林业科学院，乌鲁木齐 830000
^3.新疆阿克苏森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，新疆阿克苏 843000

Stemflow dynamics of Fuji apple trunk sap in arid oasis area and its response to environmental factors

Wentao MA^1,²(

),Ping CHENG^2,³,Hong LI²(

),Zhigang ZHANG²,Shengli WU¹,Mingyu ZHAO^1,²

^1.School of Geographical Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
^2.Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830000, China
^3.Xinjiang Aksu Forest Ecosystem National Orientation Observation and Research Station, Aksu 843000, Xinjiang, China

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摘要：

为明确干旱绿洲区苹果园蒸腾耗水规律及环境因子对果树生长的驱动机制，确定水分承载力，从而为科学合理灌溉提供理论依据，采用热扩散探针（thermal dissipation probe, TDP）茎流计对新疆阿克苏地区富士（长富2号）苹果（Malus domestica Borkh.）树干茎流进行连续监测。结果表明：茎流速率日变化在夏秋季主要呈双峰型曲线，在春季主要呈单峰型曲线。昼夜茎流差异显著，夜间茎流变化稳定，主要集中在日落后到次日00:30时间段内，夜间茎流量占比为9月＞5月＞8月＞7月＞6月，其中9月茎流量占比为10.28%，6月仅占1.06%。不同季节间茎流速率差异显著，夏季树干茎流启动早，停止晚，茎流速率大。瞬时尺度下树干茎流速率与太阳辐射、大气温度、水汽压差、风速呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），与空气相对湿度呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01），其中影响树干茎流速率瞬时尺度下的关键因子是太阳辐射、大气温度、水汽压差。日均茎流速率与太阳辐射、大气温度、水汽压差、土壤含水量、土壤温度呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），与空气相对湿度呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01），与风速相关性不显著（P＞0.05），影响日尺度下树干茎流变化的关键因子是水汽压差、太阳辐射。综上所述，新疆阿克苏地区夏季7月果树受太阳辐射、水汽压差、土壤含水量等环境因子影响，果园蒸腾耗水量大，应及时补充灌水。

关键词： 干旱绿洲区; 茎流速率; 夜间茎流; 环境因子

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to clarify the transpiration water consumption law of apple orchards in the arid oasis area and the driving mechanism of environmental factors on fruit trees, determine the water carrying capacity and formulate an appropriate irrigation system. We continuously monitored the stemflow of Fuji (Changfu 2) apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Aksu region of Xinjiang using a stemflow meter with thermal dissipation probe. The results indicated that the diurnal variation of stemflow rate mainly showed a bimodal curve in summer and autumn, and a unimodal curve in spring. The diurnal stemflow was significantly different, and the nighttime stemflow was stable, which mainly concentrated in the time period from sunset to 00:30 on the following day. The nighttime stemflow ratio was September＞May＞August＞July＞June, and the stemflow accounted for 10.28% in September, only 1.06% in June. The stemflow rate was significantly different in different seasons. In summer, the stemflow started early and stopped late, and the stemflow rate was large. Under the instantaneous scale, the stemflow rate was extremely significantly positive correlation with solar radiation, air temperature, water vapor pressure deficit, and wind speed (P＜0.01), and it was extremely significantly negative correlation with relative humidity (P＜0.01). The key factors which affected the instantaneous scale of trunk stemflow rate were solar radiation, air temperature, and water vapor pressure deficit. The daily average stemflow rate was extremely significantly positive correlation with solar radiation, air temperature, water vapor pressure deficit, soil water content, and soil temperature (P＜0.01), and extremely significantly negative correlation with relative humidity (P＜0.01), and it was not related to wind speed (P＞0.05). The key factors affecting the change of stemflow on a daily scale were water vapor pressure deficit and solar radiation. In conclusion, the fruit trees are affected by environmental factors such as solar radiation, water vapor pressure deficit, and soil water content in July in Aksu of Xinjiang, and the orchard consumes a large amount of water by transpiration, so irrigation should be supplemented in time.

Key words: arid oasis area stemflow rate nighttime stemflow environmental factors

收稿日期: 2019-10-28 出版日期: 2020-09-11

CLC:

S 661.1

基金资助: 新疆维吾尔自治区林业和草原局科技项目“节水灌溉条件下苹果水肥耦合效应研究”(XJLYKJ-2020-11)

通讯作者: 李宏 E-mail: 1962792402@qq.com;hong1962@126.com

作者简介: 马文涛（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-3910），E-mail：1962792402@qq.com

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引用本文:

马文涛,程平,李宏,张志刚,武胜利,赵明玉. 干旱绿洲区富士苹果树干边材茎流动态及其对环境因子的响应[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(4): 428-440.

Wentao MA,Ping CHENG,Hong LI,Zhigang ZHANG,Shengli WU,Mingyu ZHAO. Stemflow dynamics of Fuji apple trunk sap in arid oasis area and its response to environmental factors. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(4): 428-440.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.10.281 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I4/428

图1 富士苹果树干茎流速率不同月份日变化与不同季节连日变化

表1 富士苹果树干茎流速率月际动态变化

表2 昼夜茎流时间划分表

图2 生长期内夜间茎流速率与主要环境因子变化各符号表示的含义详见表1注。

表3 昼夜树干茎流量占比

图3 富士苹果树干茎流速率与主要气象因子之间的关系各符号表示的含义详见表1注。

Table 4 Correlation coefficient and path coefficient of stemflow rate with meteorological factors in different seasons

图4 生长期内富士苹果树干日均茎流速率与主要环境因子之间的关系各符号表示的含义详见表1注。

表5 日均茎流速率与不同深度土壤含水量的相关系数

表4 不同季节茎流速率与气象因子的相关系数与通径系数

表6 生长期内富士苹果树干日均茎流速率与环境因子之间的相关系数与通径系数

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