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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2024, Vol. 50 Issue (5): 679-688    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2024.03.211
青年科学家论坛     
猪精神健康性状研究进展
徐玲瑶(),庄亿铮,傅奕涵,江金芸,潘玉春,王振()
浙江大学动物科学学院，浙江 杭州 310058
Research progress on mental health traits of pigs
Lingyao XU(),Yizheng ZHUANG,Yihan FU,Jinyun JIANG,Yuchun PAN,Zhen WANG()
College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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摘要：

随着养猪业向规模化和集约化发展，其生产管理模式，例如断奶、混群、限位栏等，给猪群带来了恐惧、焦虑、抑郁等应激反应，严重影响着生产效率。因此，研究猪精神健康性状的遗传基础，并据此开展其遗传改良，对提升养猪业的生产效率与经济效益具有重要意义。本文主要从猪的应激反应和行为表现、猪精神健康性状的遗传基础探索以及猪作为精神健康模式动物在医学研究中的作用3个方面，综述了猪在集约化生产管理模式下可能出现的应激反应和行为问题，评估了用于衡量猪精神健康的指标和方法，并报道了与猪行为和应激反应相关的基因。目前，对猪精神健康性状遗传基础的认知还比较有限，亟须进一步开展研究来探索这一领域。同时，猪作为模式动物在精神疾病研究方面具有很大的潜力，未来可以利用其深入探究人类精神疾病的发病机制和治疗方法。
关键词： 猪;  精神健康;  行为表型;  遗传基础;  动物模型;  遗传改良    
Abstract:

With the development of large-scale and intensive pig farming, production management models such as weaning, mixing groups, and restrictive barriers have induced fear, anxiety, depression, and other stress responses in pig herds, significantly impacting production efficiency. Therefore, studying the genetic basis of pig mental health traits and conducting genetic improvement have significant implications for enhancing the production efficiency and economic benefits of the pig farming industry. This paper focused primarily on three aspects: stress responses and behavioral manifestations of pigs, exploration of the genetic basis of pig mental health traits, and the role of pigs as model animals for mental health research in medicine. This review summarized the potential stress responses and behavioral issues that may arise in pigs under intensive production management, evaluated indicators and methods for assessing pig mental health, and discussed genes reported to be associated with pig behaviors and stress responses. The current understanding of the genetic basis of pig mental health traits remains limited and requires further in-depth research for advancements in this field. Moreover, pigs as model animals hold significant potential for research into mental illnesses. In the future, leveraging pigs as a model system can facilitate a deeper exploration on the pathogenesis and treatment methods of human mental disorders.
Key words: pig    mental health    behavioral phenotype    genetic basis    animal model    genetic improvement
收稿日期: 2024-03-21 出版日期: 2024-10-31
CLC:  S828  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1000500);国家自然科学基金项目(32172691)
通讯作者: 王振     E-mail: 22217005@zju.edu.cn;wangzhen20@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 徐玲瑶（https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6374-6950），E-mail：22217005@zju.edu.cn|王振 ，浙江大学“百人计划”研究员，博士生导师。入选江苏省扬州市“绿扬金凤计划”领军人才（2020）、江苏省“双创人才”（2021），为浙江大学“农业设计育种会聚研究计划”猪遗传育种团队核心成员。2009年本科毕业于宁波大学，2016年博士毕业于上海交通大学。2016—2019年，在美国阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦医学院从事博士后研究。从2020年入职浙江大学至今，一直从事猪遗传育种方面的研究，主要研究方向为组学大数据与设计育种、整体组学与遗传资源学。以第一作者或通信作者在 Nucleic Acids Research、Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology、Animal Genetics等国际权威期刊上发表多篇论文。先后主持国家自然科学基金面上项目、国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目、国家科技重大专项课题等国家级项目/课题。担任《中国畜禽种业》青年编委。课题组博士后获得中国博士后科学基金面上资助。欢迎优秀博士加入本团队。（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-3716），E-mail：wangzhen20@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

徐玲瑶,庄亿铮,傅奕涵,江金芸,潘玉春,王振. 猪精神健康性状研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2024, 50(5): 679-688.

Lingyao XU,Yizheng ZHUANG,Yihan FU,Jinyun JIANG,Yuchun PAN,Zhen WANG. Research progress on mental health traits of pigs. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2024, 50(5): 679-688.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2024.03.211    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2024/V50/I5/679

机器视觉方法

Machine vision method

目的

Purpose

优点

Advantage

二维成像系统[24]

2D imaging system[24]

检测猪的站立和躺卧姿势多特征捕捉猪姿势变化

图像边缘提取[25]

Image edge extraction[25]

减少环境噪声，确定猪姿态图像处理更精确

猪只采食行为分析系统[26]

Pig feeding behavior analysis system[26]

实现猪采食量收集自动化监测食欲的准确性高

呼吸频率监测系统[27]

Respiratory rate monitoring system[27]

监测猪情绪变化实时连续监测细微频率变化
表1  机器视觉学习检测的表型及优点

基因

Gene

基因功能

Gene function

精神障碍

Mental disorder

定位方法

Mapping method

PPFIA3[30]参与神经冲动传播争斗行为选择区域定位
YWHAH[30]激活多巴胺和5-羟色胺的合成
SERPINI1[30]调控神经系统发育
GLRB[30]调控细胞膜神经递质的离子门控通道
MAOA[29]降解血清素攻击性行为群体关联效应分析
SLC30A9[32]编码锌转运体蛋白杀婴行为全基因组关联分析
ATP8A1[32]调控神经细胞的氨离子转运活性
COX7C[32]调控线粒体呼吸链
OTP[32]参与下丘脑神经内分泌细胞分化
APP[36]编码细胞表面受体和跨膜前体蛋白退行性疾病CRISPR/Cas9技术
PSEN1[36]编码早老素蛋白
HTT[37]编码亨廷顿蛋白
表2  猪精神健康性状相关的关键候选基因及其定位方法
图1  下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴调控机制[50]
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