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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2024, Vol. 50 Issue (5): 771-784    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.07.172
资源利用与环境保护     
秸秆还田对土壤微生物功能基因和功能类群的影响
王彬浩1,2(),吴愉萍3,陈彦博1,2,张方舟1,2,刘振宇4,张硕3,王先挺4()
1.浙江大学环境与资源学院，浙江 杭州 310058
2.浙江大学杭州国际科创中心，浙江 杭州 311200
3.宁波市农业农村绿色发展中心，浙江 宁波 315012
4.宁波市鄞州区农业技术推广站，浙江 宁波 315700
Effects of straw returning on functional genes and functional groups of soil microorganisms
Binhao WANG1,2(),Yuping WU3,Yanbo CHEN1,2,Fangzhou ZHANG1,2,Zhenyu LIU4,Shuo ZHANG3,Xianting WANG4()
1.College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
2.Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
3.Ningbo Agricultural and Rural Green Development Center, Ningbo 315012, Zhejiang, China
4.Agricultural Technical Extension Station of Yinzhou District in Ningbo, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China
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摘要：

秸秆可持续化利用是加快农业绿色低碳发展的重要举措。在土壤一体化健康框架下，从微生物类群和功能视角解析秸秆还田对土壤生态健康综合影响的研究相对较少。为了解秸秆还田对土壤中抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs）、甲烷循环功能基因（methane-cycling genes, MCGs）、氮循环功能基因（nitrogen-cycling genes, NCGs）、毒力因子基因（virulence factor genes, VFGs）及其宿主微生物的影响，本研究从浙江省宁波市长期秸秆还田（5年以上）的水稻田中采集土壤样品，并对样品进行宏基因组高通量测序。结果表明：长期秸秆还田对土壤ARGs、MCGs、NCGs和VFGs多样性产生影响，其中NCGs和VFGs丰富度显著降低，且氮循环微生物类群的丰富度也显著降低。在微生物介导的甲烷循环过程中，长期秸秆还田导致关键产甲烷基因mcrA、B、C、G和产甲烷菌——马氏甲烷八叠球菌（Methanosarcina mazei）的丰度显著降低，也促使甲基营养型产甲烷基因丰度显著降低。值得注意的是，VFGs丰度在长期秸秆还田下显著增加。此外，本研究还发现mcrA/pmoA及norB/nosZ功能基因丰度比显著降低，暗示在秸秆还田下稻田中更多的CH4和N2O将被转化。距离矩阵多元回归分析表明，总有机碳和溶解有机碳与土壤功能类群组成密切相关（P＜0.05）。综上所述，长期秸秆还田将增加稻田病害的风险，同时可能会降低CH4和N2O等温室气体的排放速率。
关键词： 秸秆还田;  功能基因;  功能类群;  致病菌    
Abstract:

Sustainable straw utilization is an important measure for accelerating the green and low-carbon development of agriculture. However, there is relatively little research on the comprehensive impact of straw returning on soil ecological health from the perspectives of microbial communities and functions within the framework of soil “One Health”. To address this gap, soil samples were collected from paddy fields in Ningbo City of Zhejiang Province, where straw has been returned for a long time (5 years or more), and high-throughput metagenomic sequencing was performed to understand the effects of straw returning on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), methane-cycling genes (MCGs), nitrogen-cycling genes (NCGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), and their host taxa. The results showed that long-term straw returning affected the diversity of ARGs, MCGs, NCGs, and VFGs in the soil, with significantly decreased richness of NCGs and VFGs, as well as nitrogen-cycling taxa. Long-term straw returning also reduced the abundance of the key methanogenesis genes mcrA, B, C, and G and the methanogenesis taxon Methanosarcina mazei. It also significantly reduced the abundance of genes related to methylotrophic methanogenesis. Moreover, the abundance of VFGs significantly increased under long-term straw returning. In addition, the abundance ratio of the functional genes mcrA and pmoA, as well as that of norB and nosZ, was significantly reduced, which suggested that more CH4 and N2O in rice fields under straw returning will be converted. Multiple regression on distance matrix analysis showed that total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon were closely related to the soil microbial functional group composition (P＜0.05). In summary, long-term straw returning increases the risk of rice diseases and may also reduce emission rates of greenhouse gases, such as CH4 and N2O.
Key words: straw returning    functional genes    functional taxa    pathogens
收稿日期: 2023-07-17 出版日期: 2024-10-31
CLC:  S182  
基金资助: 浙江省宁波市农业技术推广项目(2021NT009)
通讯作者: 王先挺     E-mail: wangbh7@zju.edu.cn;xtw1124@hotmail.com
作者简介: 王彬浩（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8182-8261），E-mail：wangbh7@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

王彬浩,吴愉萍,陈彦博,张方舟,刘振宇,张硕,王先挺. 秸秆还田对土壤微生物功能基因和功能类群的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2024, 50(5): 771-784.

Binhao WANG,Yuping WU,Yanbo CHEN,Fangzhou ZHANG,Zhenyu LIU,Shuo ZHANG,Xianting WANG. Effects of straw returning on functional genes and functional groups of soil microorganisms. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2024, 50(5): 771-784.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.07.172    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2024/V50/I5/771

图1  土壤理化特性变化对照组n=3，秸秆还田组n=9。图上不同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。下同。
图2  土壤微生物功能基因（A）和功能类群（B）多样性变化
图3  秸秆还田不同年限土壤微生物功能类群群落组成的 β 多样性变化
图4  土壤微生物功能类群的总体丰度变化
图5  土壤微生物功能类群变化利用LEfSe软件对多级物种进行差异判别分析（LDA得分值＞2.5）。
图6  土壤微生物功能基因丰度差异分析A. ARGs；B. MCGs；C. NCGs；D. VFGs。
图7  土壤微生物主要代谢通路的总体丰度变化*表示基因丰度在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。
图8  典型致病菌、产甲烷菌和关键功能基因的丰度变化

群落

Community

相关系数 Correlation coefficient
pHln (TN)ln (TOC)ln (DOC)ln (NH4＋-N)ln (AP)
ARGs携带类群 ARGs taxa (r2=0.454)－0.0120.0290.108－0.022*0.0080.002
MCGs携带类群 MCGs taxa (r2=0.318)0.0290.0110.086－0.029*－0.0280.010
NCGs携带类群 NCGs taxa (r2=0.367)0.0200.0320.076－0.036*－0.0260.013
VFGs携带类群 VFGs taxa (r2=0.406)－0.007－0.0320.133*－0.028－0.0120.010
表1  基于距离矩阵多元回归分析环境因子对微生物功能群落组成的相对重要性
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