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Acute phase reactants, challenge in the near future of animal production and veterinary medicine
GRUYS E., TOUSSAINT M.J.M., UPRAGARIN N., VAN EDEREN A.M., ADEWUYI A.A., CANDIANI D., NGUYEN T.K.A., SABECKIENE (BALCIUTE) J.
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 2005, 6(10): 1-.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.B0941
The future of acute phase proteins (APPs) in science is discussed in this paper. Many functions and associated pathological processes of APPs are unknown. Extrahepatic formation in local tissues needs attention. Local serum amyloid A (SAA) formation may be involved in deposition of AA-amyloid induced by conformational change of SAA resulting in amyloid formation, having tremendous food safety implications. Amyloidogenesis is enhanced in mouse fed beta pleated sheet-rich proteins. The local amyloid in joints of chicken and mammary corpora amylacea is discussed. Differences in glycosylation of glycoproteins among the APPs, as has been shown for α1-acid glycoprotein, have to be considered. More knowledge on the reactivity patterns may lead to implication of APPs in the diagnostics and staging of a disease. Calculation of an index from values of several acute phase variables increases the power of APPs in monitoring unhealthy individuals in animal populations. Vaccinations, just as infections in eliciting acute phase response seem to limit the profitability of vaccines because acute phase reactions are contraproductive in view of muscle anabolism. Interest is focused on amino acid patterns and vitamins in view of dietary nutrition effect on sick and convalescing animals. When inexpensive methodology such as liquid phase methods (nephelometry, turbidimetry) or protein array technology for rapid APP measurement is available, APPs have a future in routine diagnostics. Specific groups of patients may be screened or populations monitored by using APP.
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Effect of cadmium on growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings
DONG Jing, WU Fei-bo, ZHANG Guo-ping
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 2005, 6(10): 4-.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.B0974
A hydroponic experiment carried out to study the effect of five Cd levels on growth and photosynthesis of two tomato cultivars showed that the addition of 0.1 μmol/L Cd induced a slight increase in plant height of Hezuo 903 and the SPAD (the Soil–Plant Analyses Development) value of the 2 cultivars. However, at higher Cd levels, i.e., 1 and 10 μmol/L, root length and volume, plant height, and SPAD value were all significantly reduced. On an average of the 2 cultivars, exposure to 1 and 10 μmol/L Cd for 33 d reduced plant height by 18.9% and 46.4% and SPAD value by 11.2% and 31.6%, compared with control, respectively. Similarly, root length was reduced by 41.1% and 25.8% and root volume by 45.2% and 63.7%, respectively. The addition of Cd in the growth medium also had significant deleterious effect on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci), with Pn being reduced by 27.2% and 62.1% at 1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L Cd treatments compared to the control, respectively, while Ci increased correspondingly by 28.4% and 39.3%.
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Influence of kaolinite on chiral hydrolysis of methyl dichlorprop enantiomers
FANG Zhao-hua, WEN Yue-zhong, LIU Wei-ping
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 2005, 6(10): 12-.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.B1028
The effect of kaolinite on the enzymatic chiral hydrolysis of methyl dichlorprop enantiomers ((R,S)-methyl-2-(2,4- dichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid, 2,4-DPM) was investigated using chiral gas chromatography. Compared with the control without kaolinite, the enantiomeric ratio (ER) increased from 1.35 to 8.33 and the residual ratio of 2,4-DPM decreased from 60.89% to 41.55% in the presence of kaolinite. Kaolinite likely had emotion influence on lipase activity and its enantioselectivity. Moreover, the amount of kaolinite added was also found to be a sensitive factor affecting the enantioselective hydrolysis of 2,4-DPM. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies of the interaction of lipase with kaolinite provided insight into the molecular structure of the complex and offered explanation of the effects of kaolinite on enzymatic hydrolysis of 2,4-DPM. Spectra showed that the effect of kaolinite on the hydrolysis of 2,4-DPM was affected by adsorption of lipase on kaolinite and changes of adsorbed lipase conformation, which led to the modified enantioselectivity.
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Optimization of conditions for supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus L.)
HE Guo-qing, XIONG Hao-ping, CHEN Qi-he, RUAN Hui, WANG Zhao-yue, TRAORÉ Lonseny
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 2005, 6(10): 999-1004.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.B0999
Waste hops are good sources of flavonoids. Extraction of flavonoids from waste hops (SC-CO2 extracted hops) using supercritical fluids technology was investigated. Various temperatures, pressures and concentrations of ethanol (modifier) and the ratio (w/w) of solvent to material were tested in this study. The results of single factor and orthogonal experiments showed that at 50 °C, 25 MPa, the ratio of solvent to material (50%), ethanol concentration (80%) resulted in maximum extraction yield flavonoids (7.8 mg/g). HPLC-MS analysis of the extracts indicated that flavonoids obtained were xanthohumol, the principal prenylflavonoid in hops.
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Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium for methyldichlorosilane-dimethyldichlorosilane-benzene system
QIU Zu-min, XIE Xin-liang, YU Shu-xian, CHEN Wen-you, XIE Feng-xia, LIU Juan
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 2005, 6(10): 1033-1037.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.B1033
The elucidation of vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the halogenated silane was necessary for the production of silicon derivatives, especially for methylvinyldichlorosilane, due to the lack of the relevant reports. Isobaric VLE for the system methyldichlorosilane-dimethyldichlorosilane-benzene and isobaric VLE of the three binary systems were measured with a new pump-ebulliometer at the pressure of 101.325 kPa. These binary compositions of the equilibrium vapor were calculated according to the Q function of molar excess Gibbs energy by the indirect method and the resulted VLE data agreed well with the thermodynamic consistency. Moreover, the experimental data were correlated with the Wilson, NRTL, Margules and van Laar equations by means of the least-squares fit, the acquired optimal interaction parameters were fitted to experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data for binary systems. The binary parameters of Wilson equation were also used to calculate the bubble point temperature and the vapor phase composition for the ternary mixtures without any additional adjustment. The predicted vapor-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system was in a good agreement with the experimental results. The VLE of binary and multilateral systems provided essential theory for the production of the halogenated silane.
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14 articles
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