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Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and breast cancer metastasis |
Zhao-ji Liu, Gregg L. Semenza, Hua-feng Zhang |
CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA |
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Abstract Accumulating evidence has shown that the hypoxic microenvironment, which is critical during cancer development, plays a key role in regulating breast cancer progression and metastasis. The effects of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a master regulator of the hypoxic response, have been extensively studied during these processes. In this review, we focus on the roles of HIF-1 in regulating breast cancer cell metastasis, specifically its effects on multiple key steps of metastasis, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, extravasation, and metastatic niche formation. We also discuss the roles of HIF-1-regulated non-coding RNAs in breast cancer metastasis, and therapeutic opportunities for breast cancer through targeting the HIF-1 pathway.
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Received: 11 August 2014
Published: 05 January 2015
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