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ZJUS-B
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology)  2008, Vol. 9 Issue (7): 546-551    DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B0820052
Biotechnology and Biochemistry     
Physicochemical characteristics of various milk samples available in Pakistan
Mohammad IMRAN, Hamayun KHAN, Syed Shah HASSAN, Rasool KHAN
Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-25120, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat-26000, Pakistan
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Abstract  We report physicochemical characteristics of various kinds of liquid milk commercially available in Pakistan in comparison with those of fresh natural milk from animals. Milk samples were collected from local markets at Peshawar, Pakistan, and analyzed for their physical features, including moisture, total solids, specific gravity, conductivity, viscosity and titratable acidity (lactic acid equivalent), and chemical components and macro-minerals, including total protein, casein, lactose, ash and minerals (Na, K and Mg). These items were compared with the physicochemical characteristics of the fresh natural milk samples from buffalo, cow and goat. The results were also compared with reported nutritional quality of milk from various countries and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. We found that all the physical features and chemical components of commercially available milk in Pakistan markets meet WHO’s requirements, except for Na, K, Ca and Mg, which are below the standards.

Key words： Milk      Physicochemical characteristics      Pakistan     
Received: 21 February 2008     
CLC:  TS252  
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Mohammad IMRAN
Hamayun KHAN
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Rasool KHAN
Cite this article:

Mohammad IMRAN, Hamayun KHAN, Syed Shah HASSAN, Rasool KHAN. Physicochemical characteristics of various milk samples available in Pakistan. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 2008, 9(7): 546-551.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/xueshu/zjus-b/10.1631/jzus.B0820052     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/xueshu/zjus-b/Y2008/V9/I7/546

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