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| Characterization of on-road CO, HC and NO emissions for petrol vehicle fleet in China city |
| GUO Hui, ZHANG Qing-yu, SHI Yao, WANG Da-hui, DING Shu-ying, YAN Sha-sha |
| Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China |
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Abstract Vehicle emissions are a major source of air pollution in urban areas. The impact on urban air quality could be reduced if the trends of vehicle emissions are well understood. In the present study, the real-world emissions of vehicles were measured using a remote sensing system at five sites in Hangzhou, China from February 2004 to August 2005. More than 48000 valid gasoline powered vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NO) were measured. The results show that petrol vehicle fleet in Hangzhou has considerably high CO emissions, with the average emission concentration of 2.71%±0.02%, while HC and NO emissions are relatively lower, with the average emission concentration of (153.72±1.16)×10−6 and (233.53±1.80)×10−6, respectively. Quintile analysis of both average emission concentration and total amount emissions by model year suggests that in-use emission differences between well maintained and badly maintained vehicles are larger than the age-dependent deterioration of emissions. In addition, relatively new high polluting vehicles are the greatest contributors to fleet emissions with, for example, 46.55% of carbon monoxide fleet emissions being produced by the top quintile high emitting vehicles from model years 2000~2004. Therefore, fleet emissions could be significantly reduced if new highly polluting vehicles were subject to effective emissions testing followed by appropriate remedial action.
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Received: 19 January 2006
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