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ZJUS-A
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering)  2009, Vol. 10 Issue (2): 279-289    DOI: 10.1631/jzus.A0820178
Electrical & Electronic Engineering     
WAPN: a distributed wormhole attack detection approach for wireless sensor networks
Fan-rui KONG, Chun-wen LI, Qing-qing DING, Guang-zhao CUI, Bing-yi CUI
Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Lab of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Lab of Informational Electric Apparatus in Henan, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Abstract  As the applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) diversify, providing secure communication is emerging as a critical requirement. In this paper, we investigate the detection of wormhole attack, a serious security issue for WSNs. Wormhole attack is difficult to detect and prevent, as it can work without compromising sensor nodes or breaching the encryption key. We present a wormhole attack detection approach based on the probability distribution of the neighboring-node-number, WAPN, which helps the sensor nodes to judge distributively whether a wormhole attack is taking place and whether they are in the influencing area of the attack. WAPN can be easily implemented in resource-constrained WSNs without any additional requirements, such as node localization, tight synchronization, or directional antennas. WAPN uses the neighboring-node-number as the judging criterion, since a wormhole usually results in a significant increase of the neighboring-node-number due to the extra attacking link. Firstly, we model the distribution of the neighboring-node-number in the form of a Bernoulli distribution. Then the model is simplified to meet the sensor nodes’ constraints in computing and memory capacity. Finally, we propose a simple method to obtain the threshold number, which is used to detect the existence of a wormhole. Simulation results show that WAPN is effective under the conditions of different network topologies and wormhole parameters.

Key words： Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)      Security      Wormhole detection     
Received: 13 March 2008     
CLC:  TP393  
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Fan-rui KONG
Chun-wen LI
Qing-qing DING
Guang-zhao CUI
Bing-yi CUI
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Fan-rui KONG, Chun-wen LI, Qing-qing DING, Guang-zhao CUI, Bing-yi CUI. WAPN: a distributed wormhole attack detection approach for wireless sensor networks. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2009, 10(2): 279-289.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/xueshu/zjus-a/10.1631/jzus.A0820178     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/xueshu/zjus-a/Y2009/V10/I2/279

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