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| Marx’s View of Spinoza’s Philosophy and Its Internal Tension: An Investigation Centered on The Holy Family |
| Li Junxin, Liu Tongfang |
| School of Marxism, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China |
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Abstract The Holy Family is an essential work of young Marx. The rise of contemporary Western “Spinozist Marxism” has rediscovered the key position of The Holy Family in understanding young Marx’s philosophical thoughts. However, their purpose is only to splice Marx’s thoughts and deconstruct Hegelian Marxism from the perspective of Spinoza’s philosophy rather than returning to Marx’s true thought.Marx’s understanding of Spinoza’s philosophy in The Holy Family has a triple ascending logic: “comparative reappearance”, “contrastive evaluation” and “suspensive neglect”. Firstly, by comparing Bauer’s and Hegel’s related statements about Spinoza’s philosophy, Marx “comparatively reappeared” the objective connection between Spinoza’s philosophy and Hegel’s philosophy in the process of returning to and reactivating Spinoza’s philosophy, thereby criticizing Bauer’s speculative theology’s dual misunderstanding of Spinoza’s philosophy and Hegel’s philosophy. Secondly, Hegel’s philosophy is the theoretical foundation of Bauer’s speculative theology. By denying Spinoza, directing his critical goal towards Hegel’s speculative metaphysics, and reflecting on the enlightenment path of rationalism, Marx explored the hidden materialistic content under Hegel’s speculative form. Guided by the “contrastive evaluation” of Spinoza’s philosophy, Marx launched a metaphysical critique of Hegel’s philosophy. Finally, in the process of expounding the history of materialism, Marx made a “suspensive neglect” of Spinoza’s philosophy, creating a historical context of materialism that was diametrically opposed to the history of Hegel’s philosophy. Hegel’s exposition of the history of philosophy is the logical and historical development of his speculative metaphysical system. However, Hegel focuses on the conceptual history of Spinoza’s philosophy in which the concept of entity undergoes internal movement and eventually develops into absolute spirit, rather than the historical development of realistic materialism. Through his “suspensive neglect” of Spinoza’s philosophy, Marx “inverted” the history of Hegel’s philosophy, and based on humanitarianism as the evaluation criterion divided the dual origins of French materialism, demonstrating the inevitable theoretical relationship between materialism and socialism & communism.Marx’s “comparative reappearance”, “contrastive evaluation”, and “suspensive neglect” of Spinoza’s philosophy in The Holy Family indicate that Marx has consciously distanced himself from the understanding of materialism under the system of German idealism and re-anchored the foundation of materialism in the tradition of British and French materialism, thereby allowing him to construct the inevitable connection between materialism and socialism & communism under the control of humanistic logic. The suspension of Spinoza’s philosophy constitutes a theoretical opportunity for Marx to communicate the connection between the system of German ideologies and modern philosophy. In the process of this theoretical leap, Marx found the origin of humanistic materialism in the tradition of British and French materialism, and connected it with political and economic issues, thereby integrating the dimensions of human liberation in reality with the practical foundation of human liberation.
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Received: 29 October 2022
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2023, Vol. 53 
