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浙江大学学报（理学版）
浙江大学学报（理学版）  2017, Vol. 44 Issue (6): 666-674    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2017.06.005
环境科学     
突发自然灾害应急饮用水反渗透处理工艺研究
郭庆龄1, 赵丽芹1, 甘树2, 徐百龙2, 王鑫阳2, 杨岳平1
1. 浙江大学 环境与资源学院, 浙江 杭州 310058;
2. 浙江至美环境科技有限公司, 浙江 杭州 310030
Study on reverse osmosis for drinking water purification in sudden natural disaster emergency
GUO Qingling1, ZHAO Liqin1, GAN Shu2, XU Bailong2, WANG Xinyang2, YANG Yueping1
1. College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
2. Zhejiang Chimey Environment Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310030, China
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摘要： 以反渗透作为主体工艺进行突发自然灾害应急水处理工艺研究，在试验浓度范围内，反渗透工艺对浊度、CODMn、氨氮和盐类物质的平均去除率分别达99%，90%，87%和96%.对镉、铅、镍、铜4种常见重金属离子的去除效果显著，平均去除率分别达96%，97%，96.5%，96%.对乙苯、二甲苯、氯苯、1，2-二氯苯、1，4-二氯苯、2，4，6-三氯酚、三氯乙酸、三氯乙醛以及乐果、灭草松、草甘膦、敌敌畏、百菌清、毒死蜱6种典型农药的去除效果较好，平均去除率分别达98.51%，98.46%，97.84%，99.03%，99.11%，99.56%，99.24%，99.29%，99.16%，99.98%，99.95%，99.76%，99.61%，99.67%；对三氯甲烷、三溴甲烷、苯酚、苯乙烯的去除效果一般，平均去除率分别为73.43%，86.03%，72.64%，63.31%；对苯、二氯甲烷、甲醛的去除效果较差，平均去除率分别为44.36%，17.57%，8.37%.在试验研究的基础上，提出应急水源地水质建议性标准，为突发性水污染反渗透处理工艺的实际应用提供了参考依据.
关键词： 突发自然灾害;  应急饮用水;  反渗透;  常规污染物;  重金属;  有毒有害有机物    
Abstract: Reverse osmosis as the main process was studied for water purification in an emergency. The technology of reverse osmosis was proven to have a significant effect in the removal of turbidity, CODMn, NH3-N and conductivity whose average removal rates were over 99%, 90%, 87% and 96%, respectively. The process was proven to be extremely effective in the removal of Cd2+,Pb2+,Ni2+ and Cu2+ whose removal rates were all over 96%. The process had an even better performance when it came to the removal of ethyl benzene, xylene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, paracide, trichlorophenol, tricholoroacetic acid, chloral, dimethoate, bentazone, glyphosate, dichlorvos, chlorothalonil, and chlorpyrifos, and the corresponding average removal rates were 98.51%, 98.46%, 97.84%, 99.03%, 99.11%, 99.56%, 99.24%, 99.29%, 99.16%, 99.98%, 99.95%, 99.76%, 99.61%, 99.67%, respectively. However, the removal of chloroform, bromoform, phenol and styrene were relatively less effective, and the average removal efficiency were 73.43%, 86.03%, 72.64%, 63.31%, respectively. The removal efficiency of benzene, methylene chloride and formaldehyde with the reverse osmosis were even lower, which were 44.36%, 17.57%, 8.37%, respectively. Based on the experimental data, a suggested water quality standard for raw water was proposed as a reference for the application of reverse osmosis in emergency water treatment.
Key words: sudden natural disaster    emergency water    reverse osmosis    routine pollutants    heavy metal    toxic organics
收稿日期: 2016-12-21 出版日期: 2018-04-09
CLC:  X131.2  
基金资助: 国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2014BAK13B03）.
通讯作者: 杨岳平,ORCID:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-3594,E-mail:yyuep@zju.edu.cn.     E-mail: yyuep@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 郭庆龄(1993-),ORCID:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8210-0325,女,硕士研究生,主要从事应急饮用水处理研究.
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引用本文:

郭庆龄, 赵丽芹, 甘树, 徐百龙, 王鑫阳, 杨岳平. 突发自然灾害应急饮用水反渗透处理工艺研究[J]. 浙江大学学报（理学版）, 2017, 44(6): 666-674.

GUO Qingling, ZHAO Liqin, GAN Shu, XU Bailong, WANG Xinyang, YANG Yueping. Study on reverse osmosis for drinking water purification in sudden natural disaster emergency. Journal of ZheJIang University(Science Edition), 2017, 44(6): 666-674.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2017.06.005    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2017/V44/I6/666

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