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| Occurrence of mycotoxins in food, feed, and milk in two counties from different agroecological zones and with historical outbreak of aflatoxins and fumonisins poisonings in Kenya |
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E. K. Kang’ethe,* A. J. Sirma,*,** G. Murithi,*,*** C. K. Mburugu-Mosoti,*,*** E. O. Ouko,*,** H. J. Korhonen,**** G. J. Nduhiu,* J. K. Mungatu,** V. Joutsjoki,**** E. Lindfors***** and S. Ramo**** |
| *Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Box 29053-00625 Nairobi, Kenya, **Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Private Bag Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya, ***Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, ****Natural Resources Institute Finland LUKE, Jokioinen F1-31600, Jokioinen, Finland and *****Finnish Food Safety Authority EVIRA Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract Aflatoxins and fumonisins contaminate cereals during pre- and post-harvest periods. In this study, household or market maize, sorghum, millet, cow or goat milk, and animal feed samples collected from two counties (Makueni and Nandi) of Kenya and were analyzed for aflatoxins and fumonisins using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmation with high performance liquid chromatography. There was a significant difference (P < 0.005) in the levels of aflatoxins between the home grown and market-sourced maize, sorghum, and millet samples. In Makueni, 24.8% of home maize and 44.6% of the market maize samples exceeded the 10 ppb limit for aflatoxins. In all, 93% and 90% of the maize samples were contaminated with fumonisins and 34% and 6% exceeded the 2 ppm limit in Makueni and Nandi, respectively; 30% and 37% of homegrown sorghum and millet samples exceeded the 10 ppb limit for aflatoxin in Makueni and Nandi, respectively; and 89% and 81% of homegrown millet samples in Makueni and Nandi, respectively, were positive for fumonisins and 22% and 7% in Makueni and Nandi, respectively, exceeded the 2 ppm fumonisins limit. In total, 52% and 87% of the milk samples in Nandi and Makueni, respectively, were contaminated with aflatoxin M1 and 8% of the samples from Makueni exceeded the 50 ppt limit. There is an urgent need to build capacity among the households on cheap, practical, and effective technologies that would reduce the proportions of food samples contaminated with aflatoxins and fumonisins.
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Received: 19 February 2017
Published: 01 September 2017
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Corresponding Authors:
E. K. Kang’ethe
E-mail: mburiajudith@gmail.com
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Cite this article:
E. K. Kang’ethe, A. J. Sirma, G. Murithi, C. K. Mburugu-Mosoti, E. O. Ouko, H. J. Korhonen, G. J. Nduhiu, J. K. Mungatu, V. Joutsjoki, E. Lindfors, S. Ramo. Occurrence of mycotoxins in food, feed, and milk in two counties from different agroecological zones and with historical outbreak of aflatoxins and fumonisins poisonings in Kenya. Food Qual Safet, 2017, 1(3): 161-169.
URL:
http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/10.1093/fqsafe/fyx018 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/Y2017/V1/I3/161
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不同农业生态区食品、饲料和牛奶中霉菌毒素的发生及肯尼亚历史上黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素中毒爆发
在采前和采后期间，谷物会受到黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素污染。在本研究中，从肯尼亚两个地区（Makueni和Nandi）收集的当地或市场流通的玉米、高粱、小米、牛奶或山羊奶和动物饲料样品中，使用竞争性酶联免疫测定法分析黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素，并用高效液相色谱进一步验证。市场上的玉米、高粱和小米同当地样品之间的黄曲霉毒素水平有显着差异（P <0.005）。在makueni地区，24.8％当地玉米和44.6％的市场玉米种的黄曲霉毒素超过了10 ppb限值。Makueni和Nandi两个地区总共93％和90％的玉米样品分别被伏马菌素污染，分别34 ％和6 ％样品超过了2 ppm极限。Makueni和Nandi两个地区30 ％和37 ％的本地高粱和小米样品分别超过了黄曲霉毒素的10 ppb限值。其中89％和81％分别为伏马菌素阳性，分别22 ％和7 ％超过了2 ppm伏马菌素限度。Nandi和Makueni的牛奶样本中，52 ％和87 ％分别被黄曲霉毒素M1污染，来自Makueni 8 ％的样品超过了50 ppt的限度。迫切需要建立廉价、实用、有效的技术，以减少食物受黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素污染的比例。
关键词：
黄曲霉毒素,
伏马毒素,
污染物,
谷物,
农业生态区,
肯尼亚
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