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Food Qual Safet
Food Qual Safet
    
Edible insects as a means to address global malnutrition and food insecurity issues
Jaynie Tao, Yao Olive Li
Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA
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Abstract  Although unconventional in the USA, entomophagy, or the practice of consuming insects, can provide a nutritious relief to many malnourished people in developing countries. Edible insects are part of numerous traditional diets found in over 113 countries, including those in Asia, Africa, and South America. Currently, there are 2 billion people consuming over 2000 recorded edible insects. Many of these worldwide insects contain amounts of protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals comparable to commonly eaten livestock. With the popularity of crickets in both developing and developed countries and the nutrient density of locusts, these insects were of particular interest. Rice flour, made from a major food crop around the world, was used as an effective vehicle to deliver these insect ingredients. The use of inexpensive single-screw cold-forming extrusion technology, due to its capability of high production rate yet low capital and operating costs, was employed in making insect-fortified products. The feasibility of incorporating edible insect flours from cricket and locust in an extruded rice product has been demonstrated to be successful with acceptable shelf stability and sensory characteristics. Nutritionally, the insect rice products developed were energy dense (high fat content) and as an excellent source of protein. They also contained considerable amounts of dietary fibre and iron. Sensory evaluations involving 120 untrained panelists–suggested cricket formulations were well accepted compared with locust formulations. There is a positive outlook on the overall acceptance of entomphagy even in developed countries. As a staple food providing 20% of the world’s dietary energy and consumed by over 1 billion people, rice is an ideal vehicle to deliver nutrients carried by edible insects. The incorporation of insect flours in processed foods such as extruded rice products can greatly promote the consumer acceptance by disguising the ‘yuck’ factor associated with intact insects.

Key words： edible insect      food security      malnutrition      consumer acceptance      extruded rice     
Published: 28 February 2018
Corresponding Authors: Yao Olive Li, Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768, USA.      E-mail: yaoli@cpp.edu
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Jaynie Tao
Yao Olive Li
Cite this article:

Jaynie Tao, Yao Olive Li. Edible insects as a means to address global malnutrition and food insecurity issues. Food Qual Safet, 2018, 2(1): 17-26.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/10.1093/fqsafe/fyy001     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/Y2018/V2/I1/17


全球性营养失衡和食品安全问题的解决手段-可食用昆虫

食用昆虫习俗在美国并不常见，但是在发展中国家中，可为大量营养不良人群提供营养补充。食用昆虫是包含亚洲、非洲、南美洲在内的超过113个国家的众多传统饮食的一部分。目前，大约有20亿人在食用超过2000种的食用昆虫。世界上许多昆虫含大量蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质，其与可食用的牲畜相似。由于蟋蟀在发展中国家和发达国家的普及和蝗虫的营养价值高，引起大家对这些昆虫的研究兴趣。由世界上主要的粮食作物制成的米粉，被用于运送这些昆虫成分的主要手段。由于其生产能力高，生产成本低，运行成本低，价格低廉的单螺杆冷成型挤出技术被用于生产昆虫强化产品。已有报道证明将蟋蟀和蝗虫的食用昆虫粉加入到挤压米制品的可行性，其具有可接受的货架稳定性和感官特性。从营养学上讲，昆虫米产品的能量大（高脂肪含量），同时是蛋白质的优质来源。他们也含有数量可观的膳食纤维和铁元素。对120个未经训练的小组成员进行的感官评估表明，与蝗虫配方相比，蟋蟀配方更容易被接受。即使在发达国家，对食用昆虫的广泛接受也有积极的前景。大米作为主食，提供世界上20%的膳食能量，超过10亿人食用，是运送食用昆虫营养物质的理想载体。在加工食品如挤压大米产品中加入昆虫粉，可以通过掩盖与完整昆虫有关的不良因素，促进消费者的可接受性。

关键词： 食用昆虫,  食品安全,  营养失调,  消费者接受度,  挤压大米 
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