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Food Qual Safet
Food Qual Safet
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集约化奶牛生产系统提高奶牛场奶安全性的研究：与小型奶制品生产者的相关性
Improving milk safety at farm-level in an intensive dairy production system: relevance to smallholder dairy producers
Habtamu Lemma D.,* Ashenafi Mengistu,** Taddese Kuma,*** and Berhanu Kuma*
*Wolaita Sodo University, College of Agriculture, POB 138, Ethiopia, **Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Ethiopia, ***Ethiopian Development Research Institute, Ethiopia
 全文: PDF 
摘要： 目的：探讨提高小型奶制品牛奶安全性的方法。
方法：分析选择的国家和埃塞俄比亚奶牛养殖的最佳实践经验作为一个案例研究（家庭调查和牛奶测试）。
结果：大肠菌群数略高于欧洲标准。细菌总数的测定值高于牛奶的细菌学质量标准。体细胞数略高于美国标准，但在欧盟标准的范围内。此外，奶农面临着其他相关的挑战，包括饲料浓缩和水短缺、牛奶销售、奶制品健康和粪肥管理。还观察到一些更好的做法，包括小牛奶制品生产户的识字和乳业经验。尽管如此，一些奶制品利益相关者的增加和他们的努力也将是一个额外的优势。私人兽医参与提供药物和上门治疗奶牛失食的努力是很好的，但这需要补充以实验室为基础的诊断和临床咨询服务预防疾病。
结论：奶农通过良好的管理实践、市场激励和各种利益相关者的努力和最佳做法，可以提高牛奶的安全性。在这方面，需要涉及所有利益相关者的协调行动来实施预防/控制措施、质量管理战略和适当的监管，同时支持和建立小农奶生产商的能力，以最大限度地降低牛奶生产相关风险。
关键词： 牛奶安全;  挑战;  预防;  密集乳制品系统;  小农;  奶牛场    
Abstract:
Objective: This paper discusses methods for improving milk safety in smallholder dairying.
Methodology: Analyzing best practices/experiences of selected countries and Ethiopian dairy farming as a case study (household survey and milk testing).
Results: The coliform count was slightly higher than European standard. The value of total bacterial count found was higher than the standard of bacteriological quality of milk. Somatic Cell count is slightly higher than US standard, but it is in the range of the EU standard. Moreover, there were other associated challenges facing dairy farmers, including shortage of feed concentrate and water, milk marketing, health of dairy stock, and manure management. Some better practices were also observed including literacy and dairying experience of smallholder dairy producinghouseholds. Despite this, increased availability of some dairy stakeholders and their efforts would also be an added advantage. The efforts of private veterinarians to engage in provision of drugs and on-call home-treatment for stall-fed cows were good, but this needs to be complemented with laboratory based-diagnostic/clinical and advisory services prevent diseases.
Conclusion: Improvement of milk safety can be achieved through good management practices by dairy farmers, market incentives, and increased efforts of various stakeholders and the adoption of best practices. In this regard, a coordinated action involving all stakeholders is needed to implement preventative/control measures, quality management strategies, and appropriate regulation while supporting and building capacity of smallholder dairy producers to minimize risks associated with milk production.
Key words: milk safety    challenges    prevention    intensive dairy systems    smallholders    dairy farms
收稿日期: 2018-02-18 出版日期: 2018-08-14
通讯作者: Habtamu Didanna,Wolaita Sodo University, College of Agriculture, POB 138, Ethiopia     E-mail: lemmahab2015@gmail.com
作者简介: Habtamu Didanna,Wolaita Sodo University, College of Agriculture, POB 138, Ethiopia. Email:lemmahab2015@gmail.com
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Habtamu Lemma D.
Ashenafi Mengistu
Taddese Kuma
and Berhanu Kuma

引用本文:

Habtamu Lemma D., Ashenafi Mengistu, Taddese Kuma, and Berhanu Kuma. Improving milk safety at farm-level in an intensive dairy production system: relevance to smallholder dairy producers . Food Qual Safet, 10.1093/fqsafe/fyy009.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/CN/10.1093/fqsafe/fyy009    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/CN/Y2018/V2/I3/135

[1] Krishnapura Srinivasan. 孜然和黑种草种子：传统应用、化学组成及营养效应[J]. Food Qual Safet, 2018, 2(1): 1-16.