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Food Qual Safet
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孜然和黑种草种子:传统应用、化学组成及营养效应
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: traditional uses, chemical constituents, and nutraceutical effects
Krishnapura Srinivasan
Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
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摘要:
孜然芹(Cuminum cyminum L.)的种子因其香气独特被广泛用作香料,但也常被用于传统医学以治疗各种疾病。大量文献证实了孜然的生物医学活性,其生理活性主要归因于生物活性成分如萜烯、酚类和类黄酮等。本文对已验证得到的孜然芹种子对健康影响进行了综述。尽管黑种草与孜然完全无关,却被命名为“black cumin”,并被用于传统的医学体系以治疗多种疾病。许多临床前和临床试验已使用种子油、精油及其主要成分百里醌(TQ)研究其功效。这些研究得出其可独立使用或与传统药物一起用于呼吸系统疾病、过敏性鼻炎、消化不良、代谢综合征、糖尿病、炎症相关疾病及不同类型癌症。近十年来进行的多项研究验证了其对健康有益,特别是在糖尿病、血脂异常、高血压、呼吸系统疾病、炎症和癌症方面。黑种草还具有免疫刺激、胃保护、保肝、肾保护和神经保护等活性。百里醌是黑种草种子挥发油中含量最丰富的成分,大部分黑种草的药用性质主要归因于TQ。已有研究表明百里醌可作为临床试验中的新药开发。
关键词: 孜然芹黑种草消化刺激抗糖尿病抗炎癌症预防免疫刺激胃保护    
Abstract: Although the seeds of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) are widely used as a spice for their distinctive aroma, they are also commonly used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases. The literature presents ample evidence for the biomedical activities of cumin, which have generally been ascribed to its bioactive constituents such as terpenes, phenols, and flavonoids. Those health effects of cumin seeds that are experimentally validated are discussed in this review. Black seeds (Nigella sativa), which are totally unrelated to C. cyminum, have nevertheless taken the name ‘Black cumin’ and used in traditional systems of medicine for many disorders. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials have investigated its efficacy using the seed oil, essential oil, and its main constituent thymoquinone (TQ). These investigations support its use either independently or as an adjunct along with conventional drugs in respiratory problems, allergic rhinitis, dyspepsia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory diseases, and different types of human cancer. Multiple studies made in the last decades validate its health beneficial effects particularly in diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, respiratory disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Nigella sativa seeds also possess immune stimulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective activities. TQ is the most abundant constituent of volatile oil of N. sativa seeds, and most of the medicinal properties of N. sativa are attributed mainly to TQ. All the available evidence suggests that TQ should be developed as a novel drug in clinical trials.
Key words: Cuminum cyminum    Nigella sativa    digestive stimulant    antidiabetic    anti-inflammatory    cancer preventive    immune stimulatory    gastroprotective
通讯作者: Krishnapura Srinivasan, Department of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.      E-mail: ksri.cftri@gmail.com
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引用本文:

Krishnapura Srinivasan. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: traditional uses, chemical constituents, and nutraceutical effects. Food Qual Safet, 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx031.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/CN/10.1093/fqsafe/fyx031        http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/CN/Y2018/V2/I1/1

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