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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2019, Vol. 53 Issue (6): 1047-1056    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.06.004
土木与建筑工程     
基于工业基础类的建筑物3D Tiles数据可视化
徐照1(),张路1,索华2,迟英姿3
1. 东南大学 土木工程学院,江苏 南京 210000
2. 广州大学 建筑与城市规划学院,广东 广州 510000
3. 南京工业大学浦江学院 机电学院,江苏 南京 210000
IFC-based data visualization of 3D Tiles for buildings
Zhao XU1(),Lu ZHANG1,Hua SUO2,Ying-zi CHI3
1. School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
2. School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
3. Nanjing Tech University Pujiang Institute, Nanjing 210000, China
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摘要:

针对目前建筑信息模型(BIM)与地理信息系统(GIS)集成方案网络传输与浏览器渲染能力的不足,选择GIS领域更适合Web端加载的三维瓦片数据作为研究目标,提出BIM模型从工业基础类(IFC)向3D Tiles数据格式的转化方法和在Web端快速加载BIM模型的思路,并对GIS和BIM在Web端的大体量数据集成方案进行研究. 针对IFC标准模型数据,根据建筑构件划分标准对数据进行拆分,得到几何信息文件和语义属性文件. 几何信息文件经中间格式转换,最终与语义属性文件封装为保留有BIM语义属性的三维瓦片数据. 在转换过程中完成了坐标转换、数据映射、空间索引以及多细节层级(LOD)划分,实现了BIM数据和地理要素数据在三维WebGIS框架下快速、高效的渲染交互.

关键词: 工业基础类(IFC)三维瓦片三维WebGIS建筑信息模型(BIM)建筑物数据集成    
Abstract:

In view of the shortcomings of the network transmission and browser rendering in current BIM and GIS integration schemes, 3D Tiles in the GIS domain was chosen as the research object considering that it is more suitable to be loaded on webpages; the method was proposed to convert IFC to 3D Tiles for BIM models and to load BIM data quickly on Web; meanwhile, the integrated solution was analyzed to show BIM-GIS data massively on Web. The IFC data was taken as the starting point and splits BIM data according to the building component categories, and the geometry information and the semantic attributes were obtained. The geometry information file was converted by the intermediate format and finally encapsulated with the semantic attribute file to form 3D Tiles data with BIM semantic attributes. The coordinate conversion, data mapping, spatial index and levels of detail (LOD) hierarchical division are completed during the conversion process to ensure fast and efficient rendering interaction of BIM data and geographical feature data in the 3D WebGIS framework.

Key words: industry foundation class (IFC)    3D Tiles    3D WebGIS    building information modeling (BIM)    building    data integration
收稿日期: 2018-12-11 出版日期: 2019-05-22
CLC:  TU 205  
作者简介: 徐照(1982—),男,副教授,从事工程信息化技术研究.orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-1068. E-mail: xuzhao@seu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

徐照,张路,索华,迟英姿. 基于工业基础类的建筑物3D Tiles数据可视化[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(6): 1047-1056.

Zhao XU,Lu ZHANG,Hua SUO,Ying-zi CHI. IFC-based data visualization of 3D Tiles for buildings. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(6): 1047-1056.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.06.004        http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2019/V53/I6/1047

图 1  基于工业基础类(IFC)的3D Tiles数据可视化研究方法技术
图 2  IFC-3D Tiles数据转化思路示意图
图 3  glTF文件数据层级结构
图 4  瓦片数据b3dm的文件头和文件体结构
图 5  瓦片元数据与三维瓦片空间结构对应关系
图 6  将整体模型拆分成对应的IFC和JSON属性文件
图 7  要素属性数据到模型的映射处理
图 8  四叉树、k-d树、八叉树和网格的瓦片空间索引结构
图 9  模型渲染过程中的视锥体透视图
图 10  模型渲染过程中的视锥体侧视图
图 11  模型渲染过程中的视锥体剔除
图 12  模型渲染过程中的背面剔除
图 13  采用场景调度算法检索瓦片节点
图 14  渲染过程中的帧率图(未进行视域剔除)
图 15  渲染过程中的帧率图(视域剔除)
类别 类型 类型标记 数量
中悬窗 900×900 C1527 108
凸窗-四扇-斜切 2 600×2 400 C1519 72
凸窗-三扇推拉-斜切 3 000×2 400 C1517 36
推拉窗 1 200×2 100 C1521 144
推拉窗1 1 800×2 100 C1520 90
欧式窗套窗1 1 800×2 100 C1530 32
转角凸窗-双层两列-斜切 1 200×2 400 C1523 36
表 1  实验模型的窗构件明细表
LOD层级 LOD1 LOD2 LOD3 LOD4
IFC类型 IfcSite IfcBuilding
IfcBuildingStorey
IfcWall IfcBeam
IfcWindow IfcSlabIfcColumn
IfcRoof
IfcDoor IfcStair
渲染类型 包围盒
加载情况
表 2  LOD层级模型对应的加载情况
图 16  Cesium框架中的三维地球场景
图 17  Cesium中实验模型的近景和远景
图 18  Cesium中实验模型的构件及属性场景
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