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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2018, Vol. 44 Issue (6): 735-742    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2017.11.061
    
Early development of the vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Sebastiscus marmoratus larvae
DENG Pingping, YAN Yinlong, SHI Yonghai*
(Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China)
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Abstract  The study on the development of the vertebral column, pelvic and anal fins of Sebastiscus marmoratus larvae [1-50 days age after hatching (d.a.h)] was conducted by the clearing and staining technique of cartilage and bone. The results showed that the notochord was not segmented, which seemed a cone at 1-7 d.a.h. The vertebral column development started from haemal arches and neural arches at 13 d.a.h. The haemal and neural arches extended to haemal and neural spines at 18 d.a.h, respectively. Segmental bone rings appeared at 29 d.a.h. Vertebral column was ossified from front to back, and then was completely ossified at 36 d.a.h. The trunk and caudal vertebra were formed 9-10 and 14-15 cervical vertebra segments, respectively. The development sequence of appendicular skeletons was from the pectoral fins, caudal fins, dorsal fins, anal fins to ventral fins. The development of the caudal fin started from the appearance of the hypural at 8 d.a.h, then one piece of urostyle, two pieces of epural, and five pieces of hypural were  formed at 13 d.a.h. The second and third hypurals were combined together at 15 d.a.h, the same as the fourth and fifth hypurals. The caudal fin was ossified at 40 d.a.h. The development of the pectoral fins started with appearance of coracoid at 1 d.a.h. Cartilages of appendicular pectoral fins were formed at 16 d.a.h, and cleithrum and pectoral girdle were ossified at 39 d.a.h. Eight hyaloidin pterygiophores appeared at 13 d.a.h. Cartilages of appendicular dorsal fins were formed at 16 d.a.h, and the frontal fin rays of dorsal fins were transformed 11-12 dorsal spines. Five hyaloidin pterygiophores appeared at 15 d.a.h. Cartilages of appendicular anal fins were formed at 19 d.a.h, and the frontal fin rays of anal fins were transformed three anal spines at 20 d.a.h. Ossification of pelvic and anal fins were first started at 31 d.a.h. Therefore, the study on the early development of the vertebral column and the appendicular skeleton in S. marmoratus is important for classification, and promotes comprehending of environmental preferences and functional morphology during the whole ontogenetic stage.

Key words： Sebastiscus marmoratus      larvae      vertebral column      appendicular skeleton      skeletal staining     
Published: 25 November 2018
CLC:  S 917  
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DENG Pingping
YAN Yinlong
SHI Yonghai
Cite this article:

DENG Pingping, YAN Yinlong, SHI Yonghai. Early development of the vertebral column and appendicular skeleton in Sebastiscus marmoratus larvae. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2018, 44(6): 735-742.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2017.11.061     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2018/V44/I6/735


褐菖鲉仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的早期发育

使用软骨-硬骨双染色技术对褐菖鲉（Sebastiscus marmoratus）仔稚鱼（1～50 日龄）脊柱，腹鳍、臀鳍等附肢骨骼进行观察。结果显示：1～7 日龄仔鱼脊索为无分节的圆锥体，13 日龄仔鱼脉弓和髓弓的出现标志着脊柱发育开始，18 日龄髓弓和脉弓延伸形成髓棘和脉棘，29 日龄仔鱼出现分节的硬骨环，并从前往后硬骨化，36 日龄仔鱼脊柱形成23～24 节椎骨（躯椎9～10 节，尾椎14～15 节）。所有附肢支鳍骨发育的顺序为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍。尾鳍的尾下骨最早出现在8 日龄仔鱼中，13 日龄仔鱼尾鳍形成1 枚尾杆骨、2 枚尾上骨和5 枚尾下骨，15 日龄仔鱼的第2 枚与第3 枚、第4 枚和第5 枚尾下骨分别逐渐结合，40 日龄仔鱼尾鳍骨化完成；胸鳍在1 日龄时出现乌喙骨，16 日龄时形成胸鳍支鳍骨，39 日龄仔鱼上匙骨和肩带骨化；背鳍在13 日龄时形成8 枚软骨质的支鳍骨，16 日龄时出现担鳍软骨，31 日龄仔鱼背鳍前11～12 根鳍条锐化成背棘；臀鳍在15 日龄仔鱼的排泄孔与尾下骨之间出现5根软骨质的支鳍骨，19 日龄时出现担鳍软骨，20 日龄时臀鳍前3 根锐化臀刺，31 日龄时臀鳍开始骨化。褐菖鲉仔稚鱼骨骼发育研究结果对其分类鉴定和早期发育环境适应有重要作用。

关键词： 褐菖鲉,  仔稚鱼,  脊柱,  附肢骨骼,  骨骼染色 
[1] Liu Yongshi， Shi Yonghai*， Zhang Genyu， Xie Yongde， Xu Jiabo， Deng Pingping， Zhang Zongfeng. Growth， digestive enzyme and antioxidant enzyme activities of tawny puffer （Takifugu flavidus） larvae.[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2014, 40(6): 688-696.